ASSE: K94610 Astm F15

Kuwala kwamatumbo kumatenga malo oyenera omwe amafikira kupitilira mkombero. Malingaliro awa, omwe amapangidwa mwangozi chifukwa cha kuwunika, amawombedwa mapaipi.

Iswees osawoneka bwino kwambiri a sing'anga osawoneka N06600 ndi Astm B167 ndi omwe amapangidwa kuti apirire kwambiri ndikubwera ndi chitsimikizo chachikulu.

Nickel kutengera 800 inclooy chitoliro chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi kukana bwino kuwonongeka. Makamaka kuyankhula, chisumbulu 800 chitoliro chimapereka kukana mokwanira zotsutsana ndi ma carburization onse komanso oxidation kutukula.

Zomwe zili m'munsi za kaboni mu 316L zimachepetsa mpweya wowopsa kuchokera pakuwotcha (kaboni imakokedwa pachitsulo) ndikuchita ndi chromium mukatenthedwa, kusokoneza kukana kwa chipongwe). Chifukwa chake, 316L amagwiritsidwa ntchito poloza ikufunika kuonetsetsa kutsutsana kwenikweni.

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri & ndodo
Chinese (zachikhalidwe)
Astelloy B2 chojambula chakhungu chakhungu, lastelloy? Alloy B2 masheluloy 2.4816 welly nthomba akutumiza kunja, astm B564 B264 Alb 564 alnoy flanges
Kutalika: Malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna. "

Ictives 600 yozungulira ndi intoy-valkel-brad-cenel carburrization ndi kukana bwino kuwonongedwa kwakukulu. Zingwe zozungulira 600 zozungulira zimagwira ntchito kuyanika cl2 ndi mipweya ina yambiri yofananira ndi kutentha kwambiri. Alloy 600 bar ndi a chromial-cromiyal-cromiyal-cromiyal-chloride bwino oxidation ndi kukana ku chloride kuwonongeka kwa chloride kugwa, ukhondo wamadzi acid kumatentha.

Nthawi zambiri N08367 imatchedwanso Al6xn Al6xn ndi kaboni yotsika, yoyera kwambiri, nulytel-molybdenum yolimbana ndi crevice.

Izi zimathandizira kuthana ndi sulufuric acid. Ilinso ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri, kuti apititsenso kukana kwake kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitsinje yolimba ndi mpweya wosungunuka.

304L ndi chosiyana cha zinthu zosapanga masamba 304 ndi zotumphukira za kaboni ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polocha ndikofunikira. Zosiyanasiyana za kaboni zimachepetsa mpweya wambiri mu malo okhudzana ndi kuwotcha, zomwe zimatha kugwedeza chithokomiro (cholowerera chilengedwe) cha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri m'malo mwa malo ena osapanga dzimbiri m'malo ena.

Mapaipi a kusokonekera kosasaka kumakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi katundu wapamwamba kwambiri komanso mphamvu zambiri.

Carbon Steel Bars & ndodo
FOSTELOY-THICOY-Suckeor Overnoy omwe ali ndi zinthu zina monga chromium ndi molybdenum. Izi zili ndi kutentha kwambiri kukana komanso kukana bwino kuwonongeka. FOSTELOLLOY C276 ndi imodzi mwa ma grades astelloy omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu malonda ndi gasi.

304 Ndipo 304l ikhoza kufotokozedwa m'malo odziwika bwino kwambiri. Mitundu yapamwamba ya nickel ikhoza kufotokozedwa kuti ikhale yowoneka bwino kwambiri. Patsamba la masika, mitundu 304 \ / 304l imatha kufotokozedwanso mu ntchito yayikulu yozizira. Lembani 304 \ / 304l ndi maginito mu zotupa, koma akhoza kukhala wamatsenga pang'ono pogwira ntchito.

Pazampani yoyenerera ndi mitengo yabwino yopanga makina oyenda pamtunda wochuluka komanso kukana kwazambiri kwa zilonda zambiri, makamaka hydroxides.

Mtedza wokhala ndi kukula kwa nomwenal oposa 1 unchi akhale kalasi ya Stign 2b yoyenera kapena zilembo 8 zosagwirizana. Kulimba Kwambiri kwa ASTM A194 mtedza wa 2h ndiofala pamsika ndipo nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa ndi Astm A563 MEDIS DH ndi mtedza chifukwa cha mtedza wocheperako ndikumaliza.

Zovala zapamwamba za Nickel zimatsimikizira kukana kupsinjika kutsutsana, kuphatikiza ndi Molybdenum ndi mkuwa kumayambitsa kuchulukana kwa chithokomiro, komanso kukana kuvunda kokha.

FSTEOLLOY C2000 ikupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amtunduwu, mtundu uwu wa chromium-molybdenum aroyoy amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kukana.

Fomu ya kaboni imatha kukhala yachitsulo kapena iloy chitsulo f9 weld f9 weld flanges imatha kukhala carbides ya chinthu chokongola, mwachitsanzo, Titanium. A182 F9 Stoel Stof Ma froses ndiyabwino kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi osawoneka chifukwa ma flanges amalola mapaipi kuti adutse pa malo olumikizirana.

Chitoliro chowoneka bwino chimapangidwa kuti chijambulidwe patsamba kumapeto kwake ndikulumikizani mapaipe (s) ndikulola kusintha njira kapena kuthirira kapena kutha.

Incrooy 800h Valnge Tili ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Imatha kupirira mankhwala osiyanasiyana osakhazikika komanso osasinthasintha, ndikuwonetsa kukana kwakukulu ndikumenya ndi Crevice pamaso pa chlorides ndi ma halides ena.
FOSTELOLOY X Nippolet Malanges FOTELOLELOY X SIP

A789 S31803 ndi S32205 ndi zitsulo ziwiri zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa a duplex s31803 osakhala opanda chidwi amadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiri kuwonongeka, mphamvu zazikulu, komanso kutopa kwambiri. A789 ndi lingaliro lomwe limakwirira osawoneka bwino komanso machubu opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Umphawi wa zitsulozi umatsimikizira bwino magwiridwe antchito ndi mphamvu zapamwamba poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.

304 Nphwemba zopondapondazikulu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu wamba komanso zodziwika bwino muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri zamakampani zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi oxidation. Nyansiweli iyi ya S30400 imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera ndi njira, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola komanso odalirika.

ASTM B564 SIMNA STETNKE SIVEREL 601 ndi a Chromium-chromial alloy omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi kutentha. Alonje a Nickel iyi imayamba chifukwa cha kukana kwake kutentha kwa maxidation, kukhalabe ogwiritsa ntchito maxidation mpaka 2200¡

Kukaniza kwabwino kuwonongeka mu acid ndi alkalis ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuchepetsa zinthu. Kukaniza kwakukulu ku caustic alkalilis mpaka kuphatikizira. Mu asidi, alkaline ndi osalowerera mcherewo amathetsa zinthu zomwe zikuwonetsa kukana bwino, koma mu mchere wamchere zimathetsa kuukira kwakukulu kumachitika. Kugonjetsedwa ndi mpweya wonse wowuma firiji komanso mu chlorine youma ndi hydrogen chloride ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha mpaka 550c. Kutsutsa ma acid a michere kumasiyana molingana ndi kutentha ndi kukhazikika kwamphamvu komanso ngati njira yothetsera mavuto kapena ayi. Kutsutsa kwamoruka kumakhala bwino ku Demoted Acid.

316l 1.4401 s31603 Chipika chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira yolimba komanso yolimba yofananira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosiyanasiyana za mafakitale ndi malonda. Izi s31603 chitoliro chimapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zapamwamba za 316l osapanga dzimbiri mosapanga dzimbiri mosapanga chipongwe, oxidation ndi chomata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'malo mwazinthu zovuta kapena zovuta.

Mapaipi opanda pake amaikanso katundu wokwera kwambiri komanso kukana kututa aciguc acids. Komanso, mapaipi awa amatha kupirira itorganic acid ndi chloride madera.

Chifukwa cha kufanana kwawo ndi 316, asme sa 276 osapanga dzimbiri pa TP316TI ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamatenthedwe okwera. Amadziwikanso kuti ndi ndodo ya kalasi ya Wr 1.4571, imasunganso mphamvu monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zimawoneka bwino ku malo osiyanasiyana ndi kutentha kwa malo ndi kutentha kwanthawi. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 316Ti madera amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri kuposa mtundu wa 304, ndipo kaboni wawo wotsika amawalepheretsa mpweya.

Inter 36 ® ndi chitsulo-chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel, IMPARS 36 ili ndi zochulukirapo pakukula kwa kutentha kwa a Crogenic pafupifupi + 260 ° C).

FSTELOLOY C276 ma bolts amagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito zolemera chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wabwino kwambiri. Izi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zosagonjetsedwa kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lapansi. Bolt itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuwotchetsera popanda vuto la kuchuluka kwa mitsinje chifukwa sichikhala ndi mpweya woyenda. FSTELOLOY C276 ma bolts angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu ma acid chithandizo chamankhwala chifukwa zinthuzo zimapukutira mikhalidwe yambiri, kuphatikizapo mankhwala a sulfur ndi mankhwala a chloride. Khalidwe ili limakhala loyenera pamakina osungunuka, makina a scoue ndi zinthu zina zovuta.

Gulu la kalasi 310s chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chili ndi mpweya wotsika, wokhala ndi ma nickel ndi chromium

Kuphatikiza kwa Molybdenum ndi Chromium kwa olosera zake kumapangitsa zinthu kukhala zabwino komanso kutsutsana kwina. ASME A182 F22 kalasi 3 Ma flanges ali ndi kukana kwa mlengalenga ndipo ena akukana kutsika akakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri. Kuphatikiza kwa Molybdenum kuti auzedwe nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuuma kwakukulu komanso kuuma. Chifukwa chake, mukaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala a Asther A182 F22 kalasi 1 wnrf malanga, kuuma kwake kumapereka mwayi kwa magiredi achinsinsi osokoneza bongo.

FOSTELOLOY C276 ndi Nickeum-cromium-molybdenum ulloy amaganiza kuti ndi wopambana kwambiri-sucroy osagwirizana. Chilorochi ichi sichigwirizana ndi madzi osungirako tirigu ophatikizidwa ndi malo ophatikizidwa, ndikupangitsa kukhala koyenera kwa mankhwala ambiri pamankhwala omwe ali mkhalidwe wa mafuta. Pakadali pano, aftteloy C276 amayesedwa kuti ndi omwe amapezeka mosiyanasiyana komanso amalimbana ndi mphamvu zambiri, kupeza kusazindikira kwawo m'magulu ambiri a mafakitale. Awa ndi Nickel-Molybdenum-Cromium adangopangitsa kuti azichita bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kukhalapo kwa Molybdenum ndi chromium zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nickel alloy chitsulo cholimbana ndi zokongoletsa komanso kugwedezeka. FSTELOLLOY C276 ma bolts ndiye ma bolts apamwamba kwambiri mu mndandanda wa Alohoy. Awa ndi ogonjetseka, omwe ndi ofunikira kwa mafakitale omwe ali ndi vuto la Betelloy ndiyabwino kwambiri.

Zimawonetsa kukana bwino kusalowerera ndale. Izi za alloy zimapanga mwa khumi ndi chimodzi, filimu yoteteza yomwe siyitalikirapo, koma imasunganso kukana kwa makutina kuposa kutentha.

Astm ASME SB 164 Moniel 400 Steel Bar Steil Office N04400 Nickel Anoy Bar

Mbale zimapangidwa ndi kugubuduza kosalekeza ndi kuponyera kapena, zigawo zambiri zimakonzedwa kukhala chipolopolo kenako ndikutentha kuti zipangidwe kuti zipangidwe mu makulidwe ake omaliza. Akini ku mbale zachitsulo, zokutira mphete zopepuka zimapangidwanso chimodzimodzi ¨C imangotanthauza malinga ndi mayendedwe ozungulira.

Ilcoloy 800h amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu m'badwo wamphamvu, wapamwamba kuti asinthanso mabatani. Kutentha mankhwalawa mankhwala othandizira, nthito za mufficles ndi zokonzanso zagwiritsanso ntchito izi kuti zithandizire kwambiri.

Kenako kuyenera kukhala gawo la kachitidwe koyendetsa madzi (mafuta, gasi, nthunzi, macheza, ...) mtunda wautali kapena wautali.

Zoyenera zimapangidwa kenako kutentha mpaka kutentha kwambiri ndikuyamba kuzizira kwambiri mpaka kuzizira. Izi zozizirazi zimawonjezera mphamvu ya zojambula zosapanga dzimbiri ndikuwapangitsa kukhala olimba. Ma SS 310s oyenerera amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ngati madzi am'madzi, mafuta am'mimba ozungulira komanso pompopompo. 310s ss zolimbitsa thupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makalasi osiyanasiyana kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso.

Asme Sb564 Aloy Grote Ma fronges Monl 400 n04400 Ortiot Firnger 400 Flanges ikuwonetsa umboni wa kutentha kwambiri. Kumbali inayo, katundu monga nyonga ndi kuuma kwa magetsi a Monl 400 amangochepetsedwa pang'ono ndi zinthu zina ngati maulendo ena kapena kukana.

Astme A335 P9 Pips ndi Setiles amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zosowa za pulogalamuyi. A335 p9 chromium chitoliro zili ndi 9% chromium ndi 1% molybdenum.

Nickel Anoy 400 ndi Monl 400, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi N04400 Nictal-Copy-Copy-Copy kukhala makamaka mwa atatu a Nickel ndi chachitatu. Nickel Anoy 400 amadziwika chifukwa chokana kusiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza alkalis (kapena asidi), madzi amchere, ma hydrofluoric acid. Kuyambira monoy 400 kapena Aloy 400 ndi chitsulo chozizira chogwira ntchito, chivomerezichi chimakhala cholimba, kuuma ndi mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito yozizira astm B164 SARD N04400 bar stock, alloy imayang'aniridwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, komwe kumapangitsa kusintha kwa micrestructuctuctution ya Alloy.
Zitsulo Zosasunthika Zakuthupi A312 TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP327, TP317
Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

ASMM A312 TP316 ndi njira yokhazikika ya msoko, komanso kuzizira kwambiri osakhazikika opaleshoni ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi ntchito wamba. Chitoliro chosawoneka bwino mafakitale chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chromium, nickel, ndi molybdenum, omwe amapereka SS Quams Stuam Turnion ku kutukula ndi dzimbiri.
Nickel Anoy Fronges
Kovar Aloy 4j29
www.oepa.com
Mixembaurgish
www.htsteelpipe.com
Kusindikiza mating ndi magalasi olimba
Astm A194 8C 8C 8CA Hex Nut Down Hex Bolt Asme B18.2.2
Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri
Kupanga Rame B36.10 ASME B36.55
ANI B16.5 CODOY C2000 kuchepetsa zopondera zowongolera zapadziko lonse lapansi
Titanium tubing mphamvu zazikulu ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono

Magalasi okhazikika - omwe adayikapo sayansi-nickel-cobalt matobala, Kovar Smows, ali ndi mzere wowonjezera wowonjezera wofanana ndi galasi lolimba mkati mwa kutentha kwina

Asme B36.19M ndiye wofanana ndendende ndi mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimafotokoza kukula kwake, kulolerana, ndi zomwe amapanga maenda owala komanso osaka.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zopondaponda m'mafuta ndi mafuta a gasi \ / kupanga ndi kusinthidwa kwa kutentha mu petrochemical \ / mankhwala.

Ma coil 625 amadziwika ndi kukana kwake kwabwino kwa oxidation, kutentha kwambiri komanso kutopa. ASTM B443 SANDO N06625 SIVELEILE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu anthospace, mankhwala kutengera ndi mafuta ndi mafakitale chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.

Zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga masamba 316L zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyimitsa mapaipi kapena kuwasandutsa mbali ina. Imakhala yovuta kwambiri komanso yopsinjika kwambiri pokana kutentha kwambiri. Amanenedwa kuti ndi abwino pakupanga kapena kupanga mapulogalamu.

904l baji osapanga dzimbiri sikuti ndi chitsulo china chilichonse. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake kwa chromium, molybdenum, nickel ndi mkuwa, 904l zitsulo zimakana kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri, dzimbiri ndi ma acid.

FOSTELOLOY C2000 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuphatikizapo mafakitale a petrochemical, makonzedwe a mankhwala opanga mafuta, zophika zamafuta ndi zomera.

Chromium yapamwamba, molybdenum ndi nayitrogeni imapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri (zomwe zingachitike) zitsulo zokongoletsera ndi zotupa zosapanga dzimbiri, komanso kutentha kotsika kwambiri kuposa 50¡c.

Mapaipi 254 amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa makina opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso aloy 254 osuma amagwira ntchito yopanikizika kwambiri komanso malo okhala.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Prososion Fretelloy kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mafakitale a mankhwala. Kufunika koyenera kumabweretsa mwayi wovomerezeka ndi mphamvu zawo, thanzi komanso zachilengedwe, mafuta ndi mpweya, mafakitale a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kuchulukitsa kwa titanium ndi pafupifupi 60% yomwe ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi nickel polosys, kupulumutsa thupi kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito monga Arrospace.

FOSTELOLOY C276 ndi Nickeum-cromium-molybdenum ulloy amaganiza kuti ndi wopambana kwambiri-sucroy osagwirizana. Chilorochi ichi sichigwirizana ndi madzi osungirako tirigu ophatikizidwa ndi malo ophatikizidwa, ndikupangitsa kukhala koyenera kwa mankhwala ambiri pamankhwala omwe ali mkhalidwe wa mafuta. Pakadali pano, aftteloy C276 amayesedwa kuti ndi omwe amapezeka mosiyanasiyana komanso amalimbana ndi mphamvu zambiri, kupeza kusazindikira kwawo m'magulu ambiri a mafakitale. Awa ndi Nickel-Molybdenum-Cromium adangopangitsa kuti azichita bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kukhalapo kwa Molybdenum ndi chromium zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nickel alloy chitsulo cholimbana ndi zokongoletsa komanso kugwedezeka. FSTELOLLOY C276 ma bolts ndiye ma bolts apamwamba kwambiri mu mndandanda wa Alohoy. Awa ndi ogonjetseka, omwe ndi ofunikira kwa mafakitale omwe ali ndi vuto la Betelloy ndiyabwino kwambiri.

Nilo Anoy 36, w.NR 1.3912, Inciar 36 ® ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel ndipo ali ndi gawo la kufalikira kwa gawo limodzi la chitsulo cha kaboni pafupifupi.

Mapaipi a Intellel siwothandiza mu maxiding acid, monga nitric acid ndi nitrous. Komabe, ziphuphu zosemphana ndi zisumbuzi sizingagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ambiri, mchere, madzi, zinthu zina, zinthu zachilengedwe, zinthu zachilengedwe zimakhala kutentha komanso zokweza.
Nickel Anoy Fronges
Kovar Aloy 4j29
www.oepa.com
Mixembaurgish
www.htsteelpipe.com
Kusindikiza mating ndi magalasi olimba
Astm A194 8C 8C 8CA Hex Nut Down Hex Bolt Asme B18.2.2
Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri
Kupanga Rame B36.10 ASME B36.55
ANI B16.5 CODOY C2000 kuchepetsa zopondera zowongolera zapadziko lonse lapansi
Nickel alloy mbale & ma sheets & coils

Nickel 200 Amalongosola Nickel 200 Malawi amakhala olimba, osasunthika, ndipo amaliza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.

Zizindikiro za Nickel-Copy-Copy 400 monol 2.4360 molunjika rod ndiyabwino kwambiri opsinjika ku chloride ku chloride movutikira mukakumana ndi zowononga m'matumbo. Monl 400 ndi a Haloy ndi Nickel omwe amadziwika masiku ano chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayitali. Alloy ali ndi kukana bwino acid ndi alkali. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zokhala ndi mphamvu, duckity, kukhala waulimi wabwino kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuumitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poizona ndi kutentha kuyambira kuchotsera mpaka 538 digiri Celsius.

Zokhala ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304 cha kukana kosankhidwa kwambiri, graider iyi kuvomerezedwa ndi makhosi a screck itha kuphatikizidwa ndi kachitidwe ka musidi wodula khosi. Dera lowonera limatha kuwunikiridwa mosavuta ndi radiography. Chitoliro chofanana ndi kuchepetsa chipwirikiti kumachepetsa mtima mkati mwa mapaipi. Flanger ndibwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zanu komanso ndi yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mpweya, madzi, mafuta, mpweya wachilengedwe, ndi nthunzi.