Kutenda kune yayo inoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa, mabara masimbi anozviwana mune iyo

Stainless Steel Bars & Rods
Yakagadzirirwa Pipe Fittings
Yakagadziriswa-Kuwedzera Girazi-Yakacheneswa Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys, gadzira mutsara wekuwedzera anowedzera kufanana neiyo yegirazi rakaoma mukati meimwe tembiricha yekupisa
"Kureba: sezvaunoda."

Unt n08367 zvinowanzoitika seyakajairika al6xn is a lowl kabhoni, yekunyora "

Izvo zvinokwanisika kugadzirwa mumhando dzakasiyana, maumbirwo, saizi, uye
Simbi isingabati 904l inotenderera mabara ndiyo yakadzika kabhoni kabhoni yetsvina yesimbi iyo ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobatsira sekusimba, kuramba, uye kushanduka-shanduka.
ASTM A182 F5 F9 F9 K11 FA11 Yakagadzirirwa Simbi SW ELBOws

254 SUM (unt S31254) es UN ACERO INOGADZA AUSTENITICE COMUNES, DISENADO Y Nitrogeso para Honta Picaduras y L.

F56 Ansi Lap Joint Yakagadzirirwa WN ASTM A62 FLAND MU Acciao Al Carbonio - Zhengzhou Huitong Pipeline Equipment Comice Comice Co, Ltd.

316L 1.4401 S31603 Stainless Steel pombi inzvimbo inoverengeka uye yekubhadhara pombi inowanzo shandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa maindasitiri uye dzekutengesa. Iyi SS uns s31603 pombi inogadzirwa kubva kune yakakwirira mhando 316l simbi simbi ine simba rakanakisa kuCorrosion, oxidation uye yakaita kuti ive yakakodzera nharaunda dzakaoma kana dzakanyanya kushushikana.

Kurumidza kuC2000 kunowanikwa mune dzakasiyana-siyana saizi uye gobvu, rudzi urwu rwechromini-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum

Kutenderera Musoro Bolt Uns N10665-Kukurumidza-Kurumidza B2 Chikamu cheNicloy Holloy Roll Bold Bolts Beche Beelloy B2 RoundLoy B0LT

Izvi zvinopa zvakanyatsosimbiswa kuramba kuSulfutic acid. Iyo ine zvakare yakakwira zvemukati, kuti uwedzere kupokana ne oxidizing makemikari uye maitiro ehova dzakasvibiswa neFerric ion uye yakanyungudika oksijeni.

Pakati pezvakawanda zvekushandisa, zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa nemuchina, makemikari, peturu, kurinda, chikafu uye chinwiwa, uye maindasitiri ekurapa.

Kurumidza C276 2,4819 Iyo Inonyanya Kuita Zvakawanda Corrosion Inodzivirira Alloy Inowanikwa Yakarongeka PIPING Systems

A789 unt s31803 uye unt S.2205205 ​​makumi maviri emakiredhi eDuplex Spainless Simbi iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune dzakasiyana siyana maindasitiri. Idzi duplex s3118803 mapepa asina masevedza anozivikanwa nekukora kwavo kwakanyanya kupesana, simba rakanyanya, uye rakanaka kwazvo. A789 ndeyekutaura iyo inovhara masapu uye yakavezwa mabhebhu yakagadzirwa kubva kuDuplex Spainless Simbi.

Kurumidza x Alloy is nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum acloy ine yakanaka oxidation kuramba uye ichiri nyore kugadzira. Iyo yakawanikwawo kuti ishandise zvakanyanya kusimbisa kuora kupaza mune petrochemical application. This alloy exhibits good ductility after prolonged exposure to temperatures of 1200¡ã, 1400¡ã and 1600¡ã (650¡ã, 760¡ã, 870¡ã Celsius) for up to 16,000 hours.

Kurumidza c2000 machubhu anoshandiswa mune yakawedzera huwandu hweshanduru yekusanganisira petrochemical kugadziriswa, makemikari ekugadzirisa michina kugadzira, mafuta enyeredzi uye zvidyarwa zvemafuta.

Inconel 625 Coil inoonekwa nekukanganisika kwaro kurwisa oxidation, yakakwira-tembiricha corroson uye kupera simba. ASTM B443 Uns n0662 incangen Plate inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muAerospace, maindasitiri emakemikari uye maaini uye kuoma uye kuomarara uye kusimba kunyange munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa.

ASTM A240 Type 2205 Plate is a duplex stainless simbi simbi iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri emakemikari akadai sekuongorora kwemakemikari, kuongorora kwegasi, uye muinjiniya ekumaini. SA 240 GR 2205 pepa rinogadzirwa kubva kuGrade 2205 Simbi isina simbi, iyo iri musanganiswa wesimbi uye autenitic simbi.

Inconel 718 is a nickel-chromium-yakavakirwa-yakavakirwa mari inowanzo shandiswa mukunyorwa-tembiricha zvakakura senge erispace uye gasi turbines. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukugadzirwa kweASTM B670 Inconel 718 Sheet ndiyo ndiro iri rolling maitiro. Kune marudzi maviri makuru emapurasiti 718 mahwendefa anowanikwa pamusika: kupisa kwakapetwa uye kutonhora zvakapetwa mahwendefa.

Inconey 718 is a nickel-yakavakirwa mashura akakodzera kuti application inoda simba yakakwira mune tembiricha kubva kuClyogenic kusvika 1400¡¡f. Inconel 718 ine yakanakisa uye kukanganisa simba.

304 Kupwanya mahwendefa kunoitwa makumi matatu nemashanu simbi, zvinhu zvakajairika uye zvakakurumbira muzvinyorwa zvakawanda zveindasitiri izvo zvinoda kuramba kupokana neoxdion uye oxidation. Aya maS30400 kupaza mahwende ekupaza anogadzirira uchishandisa hunyanzvi hwemachina uye maitiro, ayo anoona kuti vakanyatsojeka uye vakavimbika.

Alloy 800 Weld mitsipa inovhenekera isu tine mukurumbira wakasimba mune indasitiri yekugadzira yakakwira-mhando mafirita emhando dzakasiyana dzaigona kukodzera zvinodiwa nevatengi vedu. Isu tinogadzira incoloy 800 flanges iyo yakavimbika uye yakakwira mumhando. Isu tinoshandisa mari dzekutanga uye temberi yemachina ekugadzira ASTM B564 uns n08800 incoloy 800 flanges.

Mapuro 254 mapepa anogona kutsungirira kushushikana kwakakwirira uye alloy 254 sm

VaAlloy 625 RDS zvinowanzo shandiswa mumafuta uye gasi kugadzirwa uko hydrogen sulfide uye sulemental sarufa zviripo pakupisa kwemadhigirioni zana nemakumi mashanu Celsius. Aya maNickel 625 kutenderera mazariro anoramba kwazvo kusvika kune mvura yegungwa pasi peanoyerera uye mamiriro ezvinhu akasimba pamwe nemamiriro ekutsvaira.

Flange inogona kuve ndiro yekuvhara kana kuvhara magumo emuzipi. Izvi zvinonzi bofu risingaone. Nekudaro, marinda anoonekwa seyakaverengeka zvemukati zvinoshandiswa kutsigira mechaniki zvikamu.

Mahara ari kunyorwa-shoma-senge kutenderera kifaa yakasungirirwa pakupera kweakakodzera, vharuvhu, pombi, nezvimwewo zvinobatsira kuisa nzira yekupa. Vagadziri vanogadzira maruva mazhinji anoenderana nezvakanyorwa zvaunoshandisa mapepa uye zvakakodzera. Kune dzimwe nzira mbiri idzi: yakarongedzwa carbon simbi uye yakakanda simbi kune yekare, isinganyanye kutsoropodzwa.

Iyo 316 isina mbiya yesimbi yave iri chinhu chakakosha chekereke yeindasitiri. Uku kuwanda kwesimbi uye chrome kunozivikanwa nekukanganisika kwakakura kuonga, pamwe nekuimba kwaro. "

Iyo Corrosion inodzivirira nekukurumidza Alloys inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nemaindasitiri emakemikari ekugadzirisa kwemakemikari. Kudikanwa kwekuita kwakavimbika kunotungamira mukugamuchirwa kwavo uye kukura munzvimbo dzesimba, hutano uye nemafuta uye gasi uye firmace fashformation maindasitiri.

Titanium yeTitanium inenge 60% iyo yeStusless Simbi uye Nickel Alloys, uremu uhu hunoita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira mukushandisa kwakadai sekusarongeka.

Carbon Steel Bars & tsvimbo
Sa335 zvinhu zvinowanikwa mumakiredhi akasiyana-siyana ekumanikidza Mune ino mhando kune mapepa asina kusungwa uye mapaipi akasungwa, ayo anoshandiswa kune zvakasiyana zvinodiwa.

Sae 304 Simbi isina tsvina ndiyo yakajairika simbi isina tsvina. Simbi ine ese chrromium (pakati pegumi neshanu kusvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana) uye nickel (pakati pe8% uye 10.5%) [1] simbi simbi isiri-simbi. It is austenitic simbi isina simbi. Izvo hazvina kunyatsoita uye nenzira yekunyora pane carbon simbi. Iyo yemagineti, asi isinganyanyi kushomeka kupfuura simbi. Iyo ine yakakwira kurwisa kupesana kupfuura nguva dzose simbi uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekurererwa iyo iyo inoumbwa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana. [1]

Invar 36® is the nickel-iron, yakaderera yekuwedzera maitiro ayo ine 36% Nickel, Invar

Butt weld pipe fittings
Chaizvoizvo, uchishandisa 304l inobvisa kudiwa kwekunyanyisa majoini usati washandisa iyo yakazara simbi fomu, kuponesa nguva uye kushanda nesimba. Muchokwadi, ese ari maviri 304 uye 304L anogona kushandiswa kune akawanda ezvakawanda zvekushandisa. Misiyano yacho kazhinji ndeyedu kudaro iyo imwe haina kutariswa zvakanyanya kubatsira kupfuura iyo. Kana mari huru yekushora inodiwa, mamwe madhiri, akadai seGiredhi 316 Simbi isina musoro, inowanzoonekwa seimwe nzira.

A182-F11 ine yakanaka process performance uye Welding Performance, uye yakakwira isimba rinogara risina simba pa500 ~ 550¡æ.

Izvo zvinokwanisa kutsungirira huwandu hwakawanda hwekuita oxidizing uye zvisiri-oxidizing makemikari, uye zvinoratidzira kuramba kwakanyanya kudzikisira uye kurwiswa kwechikepe pamberi pehuku uye kumwe kudziya.
Chinese (Rakarerutswa)
Forged Flanges
Carbon simbi
htspipe.com
Nickel 200 Flanges
\ / 5 zvichienderana
Nickel Alloy Inconey 718 2.4668 Elbows neRakrers
Stainless Simbi Fasteners
tubertias de acero inox duplex 254smo 1.4547
Simbi Bars ndeimwe yezvikamu zvisingabvumirani zvekugadzira chero
Titanium tubing yakakwira simba uye yakaderera density

Mapepa ePepa reApple ane yepamusoro-yepamusoro-kubereka kugona uye simba pamusoro pemamwe mamakisi.

Nickel 200 inodonha iyo Nickel 200 malipi anokwenenzverwa, akaiswa pasi, uye iva nekupera kwakanaka. Zvakare, iyo ASTM B564 UNONS N02200 Flanges inopesana neCollan yekuita Corrosion mukurerekera uye exidiing nharaunda, kuita kuti vave vakakwana pakubata kwemidziyo yekubata.
F56 Ansi Lap Joint Yakagadzirirwa WN ASTM A62 FLAND MU Acciao Al Carbonio
304 s30400 1.4301 pombi inoparara makumi matatu neshanu simbi preel pre-yakagadzirirwa pre-fungidziro
La Tuberia Sin Costuro 254 SE UTILIZA EN LASTE YAPA LOGHO EL FLOWERO de Fluidos de Un lugar a otro. Esto se usa comunmente en la industria de purificacion de gas y tiene el mejor flujo en la desalinizacion de agua de mar.
Kiyagizi

Kuti uburitse pombi, inodikanwa kubvisa iyo yakananga hose pombi. Paunenge uchishandisa mapipi akasiyana-siyana, mapipi akasiyana siyana anofanirwa kushandiswa. Kana pombi inoshandiswa, iyo celbow inofanirwa kushandiswa kuchinja saizi yePombi. Kana kuunganidza, iyo nhatu-nzira pombi yekubatanidza inoshandiswa pombi dzakasiyana uye kusvika pakutenderera kwekutenderera kwePombi , Mukubatana kwezviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kunewo vanobatana uye mapundu echiridzwa.

Nickel yakavakirwa 800 incoloy hexagonal pombi inozivikanwa kuti uve nekudzikisira kwakanaka kuora. Kunyanya kutaura, iyo incocoy 800 pombi inopa kudzikisira kwakaringana kurwisa carburization pamwe ne oxidation corrosion.
Chinese (Rakarerutswa)
Forged Flanges
Carbon simbi
htspipe.com
Nickel 200 Flanges
\ / 5 zvichienderana
Nickel Alloy Inconey 718 2.4668 Elbows neRakrers
Stainless Simbi Fasteners
tubertias de acero inox duplex 254smo 1.4547
Simbi Bars ndeimwe yezvikamu zvisingabvumirani zvekugadzira chero
Duplex simbi mahwendefa & mashitsi & coils

Iyo yakakwira chromium yezvinyorwa inosimudzira uye inochengetedza firimu rinochengetedza rinochengetedza zvinyorwa mune dzakawanda dzinodzora nharaunda.

Yakakwira Chromium, Molybdenum uye nitrogen yezvinyorwa zvinopa mukudzikisira kwakaenzana nhamba (40, kupa zvakakwirira kudzikisira kugona kuAustenitic uye duplex stainly media, uye tembiriro rakadzora kupfuura 50¡¡¡.

Iyo inconel 625 tubing mhinduro zvakare ndezvekupokana zvakanyanya kune yakakwirira-tembiricha mhedzisiro senge oxidation uye carburization. Yedu Alloy 625 Giredhi Giredhi 2 Kuzeya Tubing Solutions inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sekutonga uye zvinoshandiswa machira.

Sch40 Monil 400 Pipe yakasarudzwa seWerkstoff Nhamba 2.4360 uye uns n04400. Alloy 400 pombi inozivikanwa seMameni Alloy 400 Pipe, Mhel 400 pombi & Nickel Alloy 400 pombi.

Inconel 6 00 ROPT Bar ndeye Nickel-yakavakirwa Alloy ine benign carburization uye yakanakisa corroson kuramba pane yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha. Inconel 600 matende ezvipfuyo zvinoshanda kupesana nekuomesa cl2 uye mamwe mamwe matsime akasiyana pakupisa uye kwakanyanya kupisa. Alloy 600 bar is a nickel-chromium acloy ine zvakanaka oxidation kupokana uye kuramba kuChroride yekudzvinyirira yekushambadzira, yakanyanya kuchena kwemvura corroson uye acid oxidation pakudziya kwakasimudzwa.

Iyo tembiricha yemubhadharo uyu iri mukati meiyo ambient tembiricha tembiricha uye inokanganiswa nekuchinja kwemakemikari emakemikari. Kuchenjerera kunokurudzirwa mune zvekushandisa kunoda kusimba kusiri-magineti zvivakwa.

Kumweroketi tembiricha, Werkstoff hapana 1,4301 SS Mahara anokwanisawo kuendesa mukuita kwakanaka mumamiriro ekunze, kunyanya mhinduro idzo dzakasununguka kana fluorides.

Nickel Alloy 400 uye Monil 400, inozivikanwawo seMunyuti N04400, iri DUCTICE ANICEL-BEPHER AllEY INYKEL NYKEL uye yechitatu-yechitatu yengozi. Nickel Alloy 400 inozivikanwa nekudzivirira kwayo kune akasiyana mamiriro ezvinhu akaora, kusanganisira Alkalis (kana acids), mvura yemunyu, hydrofluor acid, uye sulfuric acid. Sezvo Monil 400 kana Alloy 400 isimbi inotonhora yakashanda, uyu mutero ane kuomarara kwakanyanya, kuomarara nesimba. Nekutonhora

Alloy inodzivirira kuumbwa kweiyo miganho yezviyo yakarongedzwa muiyo weld kupisa-yakakanganiswa nzvimbo, nokudaro ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yakawanda yemakemikari maitiro ekushandisa mumamiriro ezvinhu akavezwa.

Inconel mazana matanhatu emasaini emasumbo extucum yetube of standard unt n06600 uye ASTM

Al6xn is SuperAdyaTic STOLLess STOL isina simba rekupokana ku chloride pomber, crevic corrosion uye kusagadzikana corrosion kupaza. Al6xn ndeye 6 moly Alloy iyo yakagadziriswa uye inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinotyisa kwazvo. Iyo ine yakakwira nickel (24%), molybdenamu (6.3%), nitrogen uye zvirimo zvirimo zvinopa kupokana kushamisira, Al6xn inonyanya kushandiswa kune yayo yakavandudzwa pombi uye crevice corrosion kuramba mu chlorides. Iyo inzvimbo inoyevedza uye inotyisa isina simba.

Zvikumbiro zvinobata neyenzvimbo yemarine inodiwa kuti isimbiswe nemhedzisiro yemvura yemvura. Mushure mezvose, kusunganidzwa kwemunyu mumvura yemugungwa ndeye 3.5%, zvakakwana kuCorrode yakajairika manyorerwo pasina kurapwa kwepasi.

304 \ / 304l Stainless Steel pombi ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa stainless simbi. Iyo ine yakaderera carbon zvemukati uye yakakwira Chromium uye nickel zvemukati. Zviri nyore kutora uye fomu, uye kuratidzira simba rakanaka uye kurwisa kwakanakisa, kusanganisira kudzivirirwa kubva mukugovaniswa kwekudyidzana panguva yeWelding.

ASTM a182 F12 Flat Bar ndeye gorofa rehure reclaturular chikamu nemapepa emakiromita emhando dzakasiyana. Izvo zvakakodzera zvakasiyana siyana zvinoshandiswa, zvakaparadzirwa muinjiniya, kuvaka, kugadzira, kuwanda, grids, grids uye mamwe maindasitiri mazhinji.
Chinese (Rakarerutswa)
Forged Flanges
Carbon simbi
htspipe.com
Nickel 200 Flanges
\ / 5 zvichienderana
Nickel Alloy Inconey 718 2.4668 Elbows neRakrers
Stainless Simbi Fasteners
tubertias de acero inox duplex 254smo 1.4547
Simbi Bars ndeimwe yezvikamu zvisingabvumirani zvekugadzira chero
Monil Nickel-Copper Alloy K-500 Tube uye Pipe

Monel k500 hapana es magnetico. Monel K500 Debe Rehore Cuando Se Suelda, Luego La Sonsadadura Debe La Liensian Antics del envejecimiento.

Monel K500 Alloy Anoshamwaridzana Corrostion, uye ine simba rakanyanya uye rakaoma kupfuura Malile 400. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwezvinhu zvakadai, uye mushure mekurapa kwekushambadzira, pane kuparadzaniswa kwemanyowa, kune inopararira makomputa pane substrate.
Chinese (Rakarerutswa)
Forged Flanges
Carbon simbi
htspipe.com
Nickel 200 Flanges
\ / 5 zvichienderana
Nickel Alloy Inconey 718 2.4668 Elbows neRakrers
Stainless Simbi Fasteners
tubertias de acero inox duplex 254smo 1.4547
Simbi Bars ndeimwe yezvikamu zvisingabvumirani zvekugadzira chero
Nickel Alloy Plates & Masheets & Coils
kurumidzai pombi tube b2 b3 x c22 c2000 c276 smls welded simbi pombi
Incoloy 800h pombi ine yakakwira temp aunel

Inozivikanwa seyekupisa-kupokana nehutsinye, inconel 825 ine zvakanakisa zvivakwa. Izvo zvinonakidza zvivakwa zveIncoury 825 FOXSERERS ndeye yavo yakakwirira yekukanda kupesana uye yakakwirira michina simba kunyangwe kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kupisa. Kukosha kwehunhu uhwu kunyanya kunoonekwa seanoshora maindasitiri akawanda. Naizvozvo, kushandiswa kweASTM B425 UNS N08825 BlLTS inowanzobatanidzwa nemaindasitiri akadai sekusvibisa kudzora midziyo, kuungana kwegasi, uye kugadzirisa kwemakemikari.

Kurumidzai Alloy C22 Socket Weld Flanges ine yakanaka kuramba kuderedza uye oxidizing media. Izvo zvinobatsirawo kurudzira kuumbwa kwemutemo wezviyo-weganho munzvimbo inopisa-inokanganiswa.

Simbi isina simba 304 ine yakanakisa kurwisa mune dzakasiyana siyana nharaunda uye dzinosangana neye dzakasiyana dzenhau. Pamba uye crevico corrosion inogona kuitika mune chloride-ine nharaunda. Kushungurudzika kweCorrosion kupaza kunogona kuitika pakupisa kwakanyanya kwe190¡.

ASTM A316 TP316 chiitiko chakajairika chechisema, seam yakakwira, uye inotonhora yakashanda yakashanda muAustenitic isina mapaipi ebundu uye general corrorive. Pombi 316 isina kugadzirwa yeindasitiri yakagadzirwa kubva musanganiswa weChromium, Nickel, uye Molbdenum, iyo inopa SS 316 seamless tube yakanakisa kuramba uye ngura.
Chinese (Rakarerutswa)
Forged Flanges
Carbon simbi
htspipe.com
Nickel 200 Flanges
\ / 5 zvichienderana
Nickel Alloy Inconey 718 2.4668 Elbows neRakrers
Stainless Simbi Fasteners
tubertias de acero inox duplex 254smo 1.4547
Simbi Bars ndeimwe yezvikamu zvisingabvumirani zvekugadzira chero
Duplex simbi mahwendefa & mashitsi & coils

Kunokurumidza izwi rinoreva kuti rinoreva boka reCorrosion rinodzivirira simbi musanganiswa wakavakirwa patsika. Kurumidzalows kune yakasarudzika musanganiswa wezvivakwa zvinovapa zvine simba zvakanyanya kurwisa kudzivisa kugona kudzikisira kugona kuenzaniswa pamweya wezvetsika alloys. Nekudaro, zvakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya mumakemikari uye maindasitiri akabatana, uye ikozvino ane rekodhi yemakore makumi mashanu ekureva kwekuita kwakaratidza muhuwandu hwemakemikari anokonzeresa.

ASME B36.19M ndiyo yakatarwa yetsvina yetsvina, inotsanangura zviyero, kushivirira, uye zvinodiwa nezvikumbiro zvemubayiro miviri uye zvisina maaipi.

Simbi Flanges inopa mukana uri nyore wekuchenesa, kuongorora kana kugadziridzwa. Ivo vanowanzouya mumhando dzakatenderedza asi ivo vanogona zvakare kuuya mumwere uye rectangular mafomu. Mafirenda akabatanidzwa kune mumwe nemumwe nekusvetuka uye akabatanidzwa kune iyo pombi yekupa neyemhepo kana kuti tambo uye yakagadzirirwa kune zvakananga kudzvinyirira. 150LB, 300LB, 400LB, 600LB, 900LB, 1500LB uye 2500LB.

Iyo ASME sa182 SS 310 PIPE Litnes inogona kuuya mune ASTM a182 kana A240 zvirevo uye Ansi, ASME, BS, din uye en, Iyo madimikira kubva pa1 \ / 2 inches kusvika pamakumi mana nemasendimita asi pane zviyero zvakasiyana nekuda kwehunhu hwakakosha hwechinangwa flonges uye zviyero zvavo zvakare.