I-2205 Tube Yekhwalithi ephezulu eChina

I-Nickel 200 Flinges the nickel 200 Flanges ayahlala isikhathi eside, aqinile, futhi abe nokuqeda okuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ASTM B564 ANS N02200 Flanges Blind

I-SMO 254 Amapayipi angamelana nengcindezi emishini ephezulu kanye ne-alloy 254 SMO Pipe TRESHERE TRESHERE PRESHERE EMATHELO EZIQHAWULEKILE KANYE NEMIPHUMELA EBONAKALAYO.

Amapayipi angama-304 enziwe ngensimbi engama-304 engagqwali, impahla ejwayelekile futhi ethandwayo kuzinhlelo eziningi zezimboni ezidinga ukumelana nokugqwala kanye noximation. Lawa mapayipi amapayipi e-S30400 ahlanganiswe asebenzisa imishini ekhethekile nezinqubo, eziqinisekisa ukuthi zinembe kakhulu futhi zithembekile.

I-ASME B36.19M ingukucaciswa okujwayelekile kwamapayipi ensimbi angenasici, acacisa ubukhulu, ukubekezelelana kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza amapayipi afakwe emthungo.

I-Inxotemensi 718 Hex Bolts nayo inamandla kabili njenge-Informel 625 HEX BOLTS. Amabhulokhi we-Inxotes angama-718 we-Hex abuye abe nesivuno esikhulu kakhulu, avuke kakhulu futhi aqhamuke nezindawo ezinamazinga okushisa aze afike ku-1300¡ãf.

I-Incons 718 yi-alloy esekelwe e-nickel-chromium evame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlalweni eziphakeme zokushisa ezinjenge-aerospace negesi turbines. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-ASTM B670 Incontel 718 Ishidi le-Plate Rolling. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili zamapuleti we-Incon 718 atholakala emakethe: Amapuleti ashisayo asongwe namakhaza.

Iyakwazi ukubekezelela uhla olubanzi lwamakhemikhali we-oxidizing kanye nama-non-oxidizing, futhi kukhombisa ukumelana okuvelele ekuhlaselweni okukhonkotha nokukhohlisa phambi kwama-chlorides namanye ama-halide.

I-ASTM B619 EX 10176 C276 Amapayipi nawo ayatholakala kwezinye izinhlobo ezifana namapayipi esikwele, anxande kanye ne-hexagonal. 2.4819 Hastelloy C-276 Alloy C276 Pipe isetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukugoba khona kungafanele kunciphise amandla. Lawa ma-ASTM B619 N10276 Amapayipi angenamthungo asetshenziselwa ukuhambisa ama-Fuels ukusuka endaweni ethile kuya kwenye, kanye namakhemikhali ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zokucubungula izitshalo.

Imigoqo yensimbi ye-alloy & izinduku
Ama-904l ama-bolts ensimbi angenasici awazinzile ama-auntenitic autenitic agwini akhiqizwa kusuka kwa-alloy aqukethe i-chromium, i-nickel, molybdenum ne-nitrogen ngokuqukethwe okuvinjelwe kwekhabhoni. I-BOLTS Engagqwali 904L isetshenziselwa insiza yokushisa ephansi kanye nezindawo ezilimazayo kakhulu

Njenge-butt weld efanelekile, isebenza ngama-flanges e-lap. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi engagqwali yepayipi okufushane nama-flanges we-lap anganciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zokugcina amapayipi. Ezinhlelweni zamapayipi ezinsimbi ezingagqwali noma amasistimu athuthukile, singakwazi ukukhetha ama-flanges we-Lap-grade anensimbi emunca amandla aphela njengenye indlela yokuxhumeka ebunzini esikhundleni se-butt-welded flanges esikhundleni.

I-ASME SA31 Ibanga P11 TUBING iqukethe amanani alandelwayo ekhabhoni, isibabule, phosphorus, silicon kanye manganese. Isibonelo, ukungezwa kwe-chromium kwaziwa ukuthuthukisa amandla ashukumisayo, ukukhiqiza amandla, ukumelana nokukhathala, ukumelana nokugqokwa, kanye nobunzima bezakhiwo ze-alloy. Ukungezwa kwalezi zindawo kulungele ukuvikela i-oxidation kuzicelo eziphezulu zokushisa.

Amabha we-nickel alloy nezinduku
Nickel alloy flanges
I-INTRR 36® iyinsimbi ye-nickel-i-iron, i-alloy ephansi ephansi equkethe ama-nickel angama-36%, i-invar 36 ine-coeffied ephansi yokunwebeka kusuka kumazinga okushisa angu-500 ° F (260 ° C).
Insimbi engagqwali 316 Flanges

I-Alloy 600 Reducer iyinhlanganisela ye-nickel chromium ne-iron enikeza izinto ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali kanye nomshini wezimoto, i-airframe kanye nezingxenye zenjini yendiza.
Usayizi Od: 1 \ 2 "" ~ 48 "

I-Chromium ephakeme, okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum kanye ne-nitrogen kuphumela ekumelaneni kwe-pipling okulinganiselayo (pren)> 40, ukuhlinzeka ngamakhono wokugqwala okuphezulu kanye nama-creplex ama-stainles cishe kuyo yonke imithombo yezindaba eqinile, kanye nokushisa okubucayi okuphezulu ngenhla kwe-50¡ngÃc ngaphezulu kwe-50¡ngÃc.

I-Alloy 400 (uns n04400) iyi-alloy ephezulu ye-nickel enamandla aphezulu (ngokuqhathaniswa nensimbi ehlelekile) nobulukhuni.

Lapho kuchayeka kubahlinzeki be-oxidising, i-Incontel 625 ivikelwe ngokwemvelo nge-nickel-chromium matrix yayo.

I-Coil 625 Coil ibonakala ngokumelana kwayo okuhle kwi-oxidation, ukugqwala okushisa kakhulu nokukhathala. I-ASTM B443 EX N06625 INCONEM PLATTE isetshenziswa kabanzi e-Aerospace, ukucubungula amakhemikhali kanye namafutha kanye negesi ngenxa yamandla ayo aphakeme, izinkambiso nokuqina okuphezulu.

I-Alloy 800 Weld Teld Flanges Sinedumela eliqinile embonini ngokukhiqiza ama-flanges asezingeni eliphakeme lezinhlobo ezahlukene ezizohambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende ethu. Sikhiqiza incoloy 800 Flanges ethembekile futhi ephezulu ngekhwalithi. Sisebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ze-premium kanye nemishini ethuthukile yokukhiqiza i-ASTM B564 ANC N08800 Incoloy 800 Flangetes.

I-ASTM A420 ingukucaciswa okujwayelekile kokufakwa kwamapayipi kwensimbi ye-carbon kanye nensimbi ye-alloy esetshenziselwa izinsizakalo zokushisa eziphansi. I-WPL6 iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu yebanga elingaphansi kwe-A420.

Ifaka insimbi engama-304 engenasici ukuze imelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, le llainger evunyiwe ye-weldi tek flange ingafakwa ohlelweni nge-clurceferance ye-wald entanyeni. Indawo ye-welded ingahlolwa kalula yi-radiography. Ipayipi elifanisiwe ne-Flange Brore inciphisa isiyaluyalu nokuguguleka ngaphakathi kwepayipi. I-Flange ihle kakhulu ukuze isetshenziswe kuzinhlelo zakho ezibucayi futhi ilungele ukusetshenziswa ngomoya, amanzi, uwoyela, igesi yemvelo kanye nomusi.

Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nickel kune-incoloy 800, kunikeza ukuvikeleka okuthuthukile ekuqhekekeni kwe-chloride-ion ukuxabana kokugqwayiza. I-molybdenum eyengeziwe ne-Copper ihlinzeka ngokumelana nokunciphisa amakhemikhali.

I-Round Head Bolt EX N08811-I-Incoloy 800ht okuyingxenye yentambo ye-Nickel Alloy M4 Bolt Hex Black Grade 8 Round Head Bolt infoloy 800ht Round Hound Bolt

I-Nickel Alloy 400 no-Monel 400, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-UNS N04400, i-alloy esuselwa ku-nickel-copper eyakhiwe ngokuyinhloko i-nickel yesibili ne-lickel yesithathu neyodwa. I-Nickel Alloy 400 yaziwa ngokumelana kwayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezimo ezilimazayo, kufaka phakathi i-alkalis (noma ama-acid), amanzi anosawoti, i-hydrofluoric acid, ne-sulfuric acid. Njengoba i-monel 400 noma i-alloy 400 iyinsimbi ebandayo esetshenzisiwe, le alloy inobulukhuni obuphezulu, ukuqina namandla. Ngokusebenza okubandayo kwe-ASTM B164 ANS N04400 Bar stock, i-alloy ifakwa emazingeni aphezulu wengcindezi yemishini, yona ebangela izinguquko kwi-miscruccucture ye-alloy.

I-Al6XN iyinsimbi e-superAustonitic engenacala ngokumelana okuvelele kokuphamba kwe-chloride, ukugqwala kwe-crevice kanye nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezelo. I-Al6xn ingu-Aloy ayi-6 olwenzelwe futhi asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinolaka kakhulu. Ine-nickel ephezulu (24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), i-nitrogen kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-chromium okunikeza ukumelana kahle nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwe-chloride, i-chloride ukumelana, kanye nokuphikiswa okujwayelekile kokugqwala. I-Al6xn isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo okuthuthukile kanye ne-crevice in clorides. Kuyinsimbi enobunzima futhi engakhathali.

I-ASTM B564 I-Monel 400 Izimpumputhe Flanges a Alkel-Copper Alloy, Monel 400 Flanges iyi-nickel alloy eqinile engaqiniseka kuphela ngokusebenza okubandayo. Waziwa kakhulu ngokumelana kwayo kokugqwala kokunciphisa imidiya namanzi olwandle, i-monel 400 nayo iqinile ezindaweni ezinamandla kunama-ropper alloys. Eyaziwa nangokuthi Alloy 400, ama-Flanges we-Monel 400 asetshenziswa ekushiseni okuphezulu, izicelo ze-Caustic nesawoti.

I-ASTM A240 Type 2205 Plate ipuleti yensimbi engenacala esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezinjengezimboni zamakhemikhali, i-oyela negesi ehloliwe. ISA 240 GR 2205 Sheet yenziwa ngeBanga 2205 Insimbi Engagqwali, okuyinhlanganisela yensimbi ye-ferrititic ne-auntenitic.

Amashubhu angenamthungo angama-600 angenamthungo we-Ex Enc N06600 ne-ASTM B167 yibo abakhiqizwayo ukuze bagxile ekucindezelweni okukhulu ngokweqile futhi beze newaranti enkulu.

Uchungechunge oluphansi lwensimbi yensimbi ephansi kakhulu kakhulu luqukethe cishe u-0,5% kuya ku-9% we-chromium. Futhi okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum kuma-alloy steel flanges aqala noma kuphi phakathi kuka-0.5% kuya ku-1%.

Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 elingagqwali liye laba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezimboni. Le alloy yensimbi ne-chrome yamukelwa ngokumelana kwayo okuphezulu ekugqwaneni, kanye nokuqina kwayo. 316 I-tubing yensimbi engagqwali ingakhiqizwa kumashubhu angenamthungo nama-welded ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende athile.

Ama-flanges we-ASTM A182 Lap ayaziwa ngamagama ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ama-flangese okusekelwa, ama-flangese avulekile, amavutha amakhangi akhululekile, nama-van Stone flangese.

Ubuningi be-titanium bungama-60% e-60% yensimbi engenasici kanye ne-nickel alloys, lokhu kulondolozwa kwesisindo kwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho lokhu kubalulekile njenge-aerospace.

Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngokumelana okuthuthukiswe kakhulu ku-sulfuric acid. Futhi inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium, ukukhulisa ukumelana kwayo kumakhemikhali oxidizing kanye nemifudlana yenqubo engcoliswe ngama-forric ion kanye ne-oksijini encibilikisiwe.

Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlolweni kwamafutha okuphuma olwandle kanye negesi \ Prokhiqiteleni kanye nakushintshile ekushiseni ku-petrochemical \ ukucubungula kwamakhemikhali.

Ama-bolts angama-600 angama-600 angalulwa aze afike ku-40% futhi asanomshini omuhle kakhulu. Le alloy 600 Bolt inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokusebenza kokushisa kumazinga okushisa aphakeme. Lezi zimbotshana zisetshenziswa kabanzi kwizimboni zegesi zamakhemikhali, zamakhemikhali nezemvelo.
I-Hastelloy Alloys Directory
www.oepipe.com
I-HTSSPIPE.com
A335 P11PIPE
IMyanmar (isiBurmese)
Insimbi engagqwali 304 amaphafa
Amapuleti ensimbi engagqwali namashidi namakhoyili
Ama-Fasteners e-Carbon
Invar 36 tube od: 0.2-6mm, WT: 0.02-2mm

Ngaphandle kwekhabhoni, lokhu kuqukethe inani elikhulu le-nickel, i-manganese, chromium, i-silicon, eTungstern, i-vagadium, molybdenum.

I-ASTM A240 TYPE 2205 Plate Stockholder SA 240 GR 2205 Sheet

Eqinisweni, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-nickel, izakhiwo zokuphikiswa zokugqwala ezi-ex n04400 orifice flange zivame ukuba ziphakeme kakhulu kune-nickel uqobo.

Alloy 2205 EX S31803 i-chromium engama-22%, i-3% molybdenum, i-nitrogen alloyel Druplex ipayipi elingenacala, elenziwa ngokumelana nengcindezelo ngokuqina okukhulu.

Ukukhishwa kwengcindezi kwenziwa ngemuva kokusebenza kubanda kubanda ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa okusele nokuvimbela ukuhlanekezela. I-Annelung yenziwa ngo-1700¡Ãf - 1900¡Ãc (927¡Ãc (927¡Ãc (1038¡Ãc) ukubuyisela ukuthamba okugcwele.

Ama-alloys amelana nawo aphikisayo asetshenziswa kabanzi yizimboni zokucubungula amakhemikhali. Isidingo sokusebenza okuthembekile siholela ekwamukelweni nasekukhuleni kwazo ezindaweni zamandla, ezempilo kanye nezemvelo, uwoyela kanye negesi, amakhemikhali kanye negesi yokuhlanza igesi.

Ukunwetshwa okulungiselelwe i-iron-nickel-cobalt alloys, ama-kovar alloys, ube nokwanda okunezinwele okuqondile okufana nalokho kwengilazi enzima ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokushisa obuthile

Ama-U-bolts kulula ukuwusebenzisa futhi angahlangabezana nokubekezelelana okuqinile okudingekayo ukuze kulungiswe ngentambo kanye nokucushwa kwe-fastener. I-Carbon Insimbi nayo iyinsimbi yezomnotho. I-Carbon Steel ihlukaniswa ngenani lekhabhoni ku-alloy, ethinta izakhiwo zensimbi. Insimbi emnene ngokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni engu-0.05-0.3% yi-ructile ne-ductile. Amandla aphansi aphansi futhi aqiniswe yi-carbonization. Kuyindleko ephansi kakhulu yama-alloys ensimbi yekhabhoni.

Amagama Wokuhweba Ejwayelekile: I-Nickel Alloy 36, I-INTR 36®, NILO 6®, Pernifer 6®

Incoloy 800h Flange Sinedumela eliqinile embonini ngokukhiqiza ama-flanges asezingeni eliphakeme lezinhlobo ezahlukene ezizohambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende ethu. Sikhiqiza incoloy 800 Flanges ethembekile futhi ephezulu ngekhwalithi. Sisebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ze-premium kanye nemishini ethuthukile yokukhiqiza i-ASTM B564 ANC N08800 Incoloy 800 Flangetes.

I-A789 EXS S31803 ne-UNS S32205 amamaki amabili wensimbi engenacala esetshenziswa kabanzi kwizicelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Lawa mapayipi we-Duplex S31803 ayaziwa ngokumelana kwawo okuhle kakhulu, amandla aphezulu, nokushiswa okuhle. I-A789 ingukucaciswa okuhlanganisa amashubhu angenamthungo nama-welded enziwe ngensimbi engenacala.

Embonini yezokukhiqiza, ukukhiqizwa kwenziwa ngokusobala ukusebenzisa ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu yezinto zokwakha kanye nama-alloys. Ngakho-ke ivame ukunikela ngezimfanelo ezinhle ezahlukahlukene.

I-304L Seamless Pipe inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala ezindaweni eziningi kanye nokuxhumana nemidiya ehlukene esontekile. Ukugqwala okukhohlisayo nokukhohlisa kwe-crevice kungenzeka ngezindawo eziqukethe i-chloride-eziqukethe. Ukuqhekeka kokugqwayiza kwengcindezi kungenzeka ngenhla i-60¡Ãc.

I-ASTM A312 I-IPP316 iyincazelo ejwayelekile ye-seamless engenamthungo, i-suuntenicled auntenitic esetshenzisiwe amapayipi wensimbi angenamikhawulo asetshenziswa ezisetshenzisweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokushisa kanye nezinsizakalo ezijwayelekile. Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 le-seamless lensimbi lenziwa ngenhlanganisela ye-chromium, i-nickel, kanye ne-molybdenum, enikeza i-SS 316 i-seamless tube ukumelana kahle nokugqwala.

I-ASTM B564 I-Monel 400 Izimpumputhe Flanges a Alkel-Copper Alloy, Monel 400 Flanges iyi-nickel alloy eqinile engaqiniseka kuphela ngokusebenza okubandayo. Waziwa kakhulu ngokumelana kwayo kokugqwala kokunciphisa imidiya namanzi olwandle, i-monel 400 nayo iqinile ezindaweni ezinamandla kunama-ropper alloys. Eyaziwa nangokuthi Alloy 400, ama-Flanges we-Monel 400 asetshenziswa ekushiseni okuphezulu, izicelo ze-Caustic nesawoti.

INilo Alloy 36, w.nr 1.3912, i-Invar 36® iyi-nickel-iron, i-alloy elawulwa okuphansi equkethe ama-nickel angama-36% futhi anezinga lokunwetshwa kwensimbi ecishe ibe yishumi lensimbi ye-carbon.

I-ASTM B163 B407 ASME SB163 SB407 N08800 Incoloy 800 I-Piple engenamthungo ilungele imishini yokushisa ephezulu embonini ye-petrochemical ngoba i-alloy ayidali i-embocterted Sigma (649¡Ãc).

Amapayipi okucushwa komthungo anamandla aphezulu athwala umthwalo namandla ngaphezu kwamanye amamaki.

Kukhombisa ukumelana okuhle ezindaweni ezingathathi hlangothi nezinciphisa. Le alloy yakha i-oxide enobuhlakani, ifilimu evikelayo engahambisani, kepha igcina ukumelana ne-opidation ephakeme emazingeni okushisa anyukayo.

Ama-flanges e-Stainless Adilishile? Asetshenziswa njengengxenye yokuxhumeka yamapayipi, ama-valves, amaphampu neminye imishini yokwenza amapayipi e-pipework.?to enze amapayipi e-pipework.

I-Alkel-Cont-based Alloy 400 Monel 2.4360 Indukulela ebandayo ebandayo engu-400 I-Monel 400 iyi-alloy yethusi ne-nickel esekelwe ethandwa namuhla ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu. I-alloy ine-acid enhle kakhulu ne-alkali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inamandla amahle ashubile, i-decticity, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu okushisayo, futhi kungaqiniswa ngokusebenza kubanda. Ngokwengeziwe, ingasetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamazinga okushisa asukela ku-minus kuya kuma-538 degrees Celsius.
Ibanga 316 ama-bolts ensimbi angenasici asetshenziswa kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjenge enza izingxenye zomlilo kanye nokukhipha amandla kanye nemishini yokukhangisa yemithi kanye nezingxenye zenjini yendiza. Ama-316 ama-fasteners amelana nokugqwala emanzi olwandle nasezindaweni zasolwandle. Njengomenzi we-fastener oholayo oholayo onguthelawayeka angama-316, sinikeza ama-fasteners ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, osayizi nosayizi. Sicela uxhumane nathi ngophenyo lwakho futhi sizohlangabezana nezidingo zakho.

Amashubhu we-Hastelloy C2000 asetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezibanzi zezimboni ezifaka ukucubungula kwe-petrochemical, ukukhiqiza imishini yamakhemikhali, ama-oyela wokuhlanza kanye nezitshalo zamandla.

Izinhlobo ezingama-A105 Socketweld Fittings Izinhlobo ze-ASTM A105 Socket Weld Tee

17-4 PH yinqwaba yemvula elwa ne-martensitic yensimbi engenacala ngamandla aphezulu nobulukhuni obuhle kakhulu bokulwa nokugqwala okuhle. 17-4 PH inezici ezinhle zokucubungula futhi ingaba seminyaka elukhuni ukwelashwa okushisa okuphansi okukodwa. 17-4 PH yinto esetshenziswa ngama-multipurse esetshenziswa kabanzi ku-aerospace, amakhemikhali, ama-petrochemical, ukucubungula ukudla, iphepha kanye nezimboni ezijwayelekile zensimbi.

200 nickel alloy izimpumputhe ama-nickel 200 Flangetes ahlala isikhathi eside, aqinile, futhi abe nokuqeda okuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ASTM B564 ANS N02200 Flanges Blind

I-BOLTS yensimbi engagqwali engama-304 yenziwa kusuka ezintweni eziyisisekelo ze-auntenitic ezingenasici ezinokwakhiwa kwe-chromium engu-18% ne-8% nickel. Okwamanje, thayipha i-304 \ 188 insimbi engagqwali imelana kakhulu nokugqwala nokugqwala, futhi ingaba kazibuthe kancane. Okwamakhemikhali, amanzi anosawoti noma osogwini, insimbi engagqwali inconywa kakhulu.
I-Alloy 800 iyi-nickel-iron-chromium alloy enamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana okuhle ne-oxidation kanye nokugqwala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. I-ASTM B407 EX N08800 Incoloy 800 W. NR. 1.4876 Ipayipi eline-welded lisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwemishini edinga ukumelana nokuvutha, ukumelana nokushisa, amandla, nokuqina kwenkonzo kuze kube ngu-1500 ° F (816 ° C).
I-Incons 600 Round Bar iyi-alloy esekwe ku-nickel nge-benign carburulization kanye nokuphikiswa okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Imigoqo eyindilinga engama-600 eyindilinga iyasebenza ngokumelene nokomisa ama-CL2 namanye amagesi amaningi ahlukene emazingeni okushisa aphakeme aphezulu. I-Alloy 600 Bar iyi-nickel-chromium alloy ene-oxidation enhle nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwengcindezi yokuwohloka kwe-chloride, ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kokugqwayiza kwamanzi kanye ne-acid oxidation emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.