Inqubo Yokukhiqiza I-Rolling \ Umsebenzi oshisayo, ukugoqa okubandayo

Ukucimana nokugunda ukwenza ukulangazelela okushisa okuphezulu ngemuva kokucimasha, okungathola umfaniswano wesakhiwo se-sorbite kanye ne-sorbite esihle nokulungiselela ukwehliswa kwezimo zodonga ngesikhathi sokushintshana kwaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukucimana nokugunda nokugunda nakho kungasetshenziswa njengendlela yokushisa yokuqala yokushisa. h ^ Je voie kuya ezindaweni ezinhle ezinemishini yezingxenye ngemuva kokucimana nokugunda, izingxenye ezithile ezingadingi ukumelana okuphezulu futhi ukugqoka kungasetshenziswa njengenqubo yokugcina yokwelashwa.

I-316l 1.4401 S31603 I-STIANCLEENT I-PIPE I-PIRELLELEKILE KAKHULU KAKHULU KAKHULU KANYE NOKUQHAWULA KAKHULU KWAMAHHALA OKUSHINTSHA KULULA KWEZINHLOBO ZOKUXHUMANA NOKUthengisa. Le SS EX C31603 Pipe yenziwa ngekhwalithi ephezulu 316l insimbi engagqwali engenacala ngokumelana kahle nokugqwala, i-oxidation kanye nokubala, okwenza kube kuhle ngezindawo ezinokhahlo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu.

Amandla aphezulu nokuphikiswa kokugqwala kwe-al-6xn alloy kwenze kube ukukhetha okungcono kunezinsimbi ezijwayelekile zokuphamba kanye nendlela ephumelelayo yokuvuselelwa kwe-nickel-bases aloy kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukumelana kahle, ukufudumala, amandla nokuphikiswa kokugqwala kubalulekile.

Izicucu zensimbi ezingenasici 904l zenzelwe ngenhloso yokusetshenziswa phakathi kokulinganiselwa okuphakathi nokuphikiswa okuphezulu kokuqina kokuqina kwezimboni ezahlukahlukene.

Amapayipi angama-304 enziwe ngensimbi engama-304 engagqwali, impahla ejwayelekile futhi ethandwayo kuzinhlelo eziningi zezimboni ezidinga ukumelana nokugqwala kanye noximation. Lawa mapayipi amapayipi e-S30400 ahlanganiswe asebenzisa imishini ekhethekile nezinqubo, eziqinisekisa ukuthi zinembe kakhulu futhi zithembekile.

I-SMO 254 iSpecclecle Blind Flange futhi- Ukulwa nokugcwala ngomshini ophakeme womshini. Ngokwengeziwe, izakhiwo ze-6mo Flanges zifaka ukumelana nokugqwala, okuwusizo ngezinsizakalo eziya kwimithombo yezindaba eqinile equkethe izindawo.

I-Flanged Joint yakhiwa okuhlukile okuhlukile futhi okuzimele yize izingxenye ezihlangene; amafuvu, ama-gaskets, kanye ne-bolting; aqoqwe ngelinye ithonya, i-fitter. Izilawuli ezikhethekile ziyadingeka ekukhetheni nasekusetshenzisweni kwazo zonke izinto ezikhona ukuthola okuhlanganisiwe, okunokuqina okuvuzayo okwamukelekayo.

BS10 Ithebula D, Table E, Din Standard Flanges, SS EXS S31635 Amaphaphu Amaphaphu, Insimbi Yomhlaba Ama-Flange, Ansi B16TI Orice, SS 316Ti Flanges

I-ASME B36.19M ingukucaciswa okujwayelekile kwamapayipi ensimbi angenasici, acacisa ubukhulu, ukubekezelelana kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza amapayipi afakwe emthungo.

Insimbi engagqwali 316 \ 16l flanges ingenziwa ngokushisa okushisayo noma ngokuphonsa. Ama-flate epuleti ayimpumputhe noma ashelelayo ngaphandle kwama-hubs angafakwa emnyani ngokuqondile epuletini. Ama-Flanges kufanele abe yisixazululo esiphathwe kungaphansi kuka-1900¡Ãf [1040¡Ãc] bese ucishwa emanzini abandayo noma enye indlela yokupholisa ngokushesha.
Ukwakhiwa kwamapayipi
Insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi yekhabhoni
I-duplex steel
Ukufakwa kwamapayipi wensimbi
310s amapayipi ensimbi angenasici
Imishini yefektri yamapayipi efektri
Thayipha "ipayipi elingenamthungo
Ukukhiqiza i-ASME B36.10 ASME B36.25
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali namashubhu we-254smo S31254 en 1.4547 6mo piping
Usayizi Od: 1 \ 2 "" ~ 48 "

Ama-N083367 futhi abizwa futhi njengoba i-alroy al6xn iyikhabhoni ephansi, ubumsulwa obuphezulu, ubumsulwa be-nitrogen-auntenitic "ama-nickel-molybdenum alloy ane-chloride pittipt kanye ne-crevice corrision.

Ukucimana nokugunda ukwenza ukulangazelela okushisa okuphezulu ngemuva kokucimasha, okungathola umfaniswano wesakhiwo se-sorbite kanye ne-sorbite esihle nokulungiselela ukwehliswa kwezimo zodonga ngesikhathi sokushintshana kwaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukucimana nokugunda nokugunda nakho kungasetjenziswa njengendlela yokushisa yokuqala yokushisa.
Imigoqo yensimbi yekhabhoni kanye nezinduku
Insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi yekhabhoni
I-duplex steel
Ukufakwa kwamapayipi wensimbi
310s amapayipi ensimbi angenasici
Izinsizakalo Zokushisa Zokushisa zensimbi engenasici kanye nensimbi
Thayipha "ipayipi elingenamthungo
Ukukhiqiza i-ASME B36.10 ASME B36.25

I-Monel 400 iyi-alloy ye-nickel-Copper (cishe ngo-67% NI ¨c 23% Cu) emelana namanzi asolwandle kanye nama-caustic solutions ezindaweni eziningi ze-acidic ne-alkaline ezifanelekile ngokunciphisa izimo. Ukuhlehlisa okuhle nokusebenza okushisayo okulungele izinhlelo zokusebenza zamanzi olwandle.

Ifaka insimbi engama-304 engenasici ukuze imelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, le llainger evunyiwe ye-weldi tek flange ingafakwa ohlelweni nge-clurceferance ye-wald entanyeni. Indawo ye-welded ingahlolwa kalula yi-radiography. Ipayipi elifanisiwe ne-Flange Brore inciphisa isiyaluyalu nokuguguleka ngaphakathi kwepayipi. I-Flange ihle kakhulu ukuze isetshenziswe kuzinhlelo zakho ezibucayi futhi ilungele ukusetshenziswa ngomoya, amanzi, uwoyela, igesi yemvelo kanye nomusi.
Ukwakhiwa kwamapayipi
Insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi yekhabhoni
I-duplex steel
Ukufakwa kwamapayipi wensimbi
310s amapayipi ensimbi angenasici
Imishini yefektri yamapayipi efektri
Thayipha "ipayipi elingenamthungo
Ukukhiqiza i-ASME B36.10 ASME B36.25
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali namashubhu we-254smo S31254 en 1.4547 6mo piping
I-Zhengzhou Huitong Pipeline Equipment Co, Ltd.

Thayipha ishubhu yensimbi engama-316 ifana no-304, kepha ngokungezwa kwe-molybdenum, okuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-alloys. Isakhiwo se-auntenitic sivumela ubulukhuni obuhle kakhulu, ngisho nasezansi emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Lawa mabanga ane-waldaality enhle kakhulu, enokwengeza kwensimbi ye-filler. I-316 \ 13l ishubhu engenasici liyatholakala njengemibuthano, isikwele noma ukwakheka okungunxande. Itholakala njengoba ifakwe futhi ingenamthungo. Ine-molybdenum eyengeziwe ne-nickel kune-304 esigcawini, eyandisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi. Ukwehla kwe-weldatall kuboniswa ku-316l alloys ngenxa yokwanda kwekhabhoni e-alloy. Isetshenziselwa ishubhu ezindaweni ezinolaka ngaphezu kwe-304 tube.

Thayipha ishubhu yensimbi engama-316 ifana no-304, kepha ngokungezwa kwe-molybdenum, okuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-alloys. Isakhiwo se-auntenitic sivumela ubulukhuni obuhle kakhulu, ngisho nasezansi emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Lawa mabanga ane-waldaality enhle kakhulu, enokwengeza kwensimbi ye-filler. I-316 \ 13l ishubhu engenasici liyatholakala njengemibuthano, isikwele noma ukwakheka okungunxande. Itholakala njengoba ifakwe futhi ingenamthungo. Ine-molybdenum eyengeziwe ne-nickel kune-304 esigcawini, eyandisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi. Ukwehla kwe-weldatall kuboniswa ku-316l alloys ngenxa yokwanda kwekhabhoni e-alloy. Isetshenziselwa ishubhu ezindaweni ezinolaka ngaphezu kwe-304 tube.

Insimbi engagqwali 310 \ 310s i-autenituric heat arrantirast aloy enokumelana ne-oxidation enhle kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo ze-cyclingling emnene kuze kube ngu-2000¡Ãf. Okuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-chromium nokuqukethwe kwe-nickel kuhlinzeka ngokumelana nokuqina okuqhathaniswa nokuphikiswa koxidation namaphesenti amakhulu okugcinwa kwamandla okushisa kunamazinga okushisa ajwayelekile afana namazinga okushisa aphansi, kunobunzima obuhle kakhulu be--40¡¡

Ibanga 316 ama-bolts ensimbi angenasici asetshenziswa kakhulu kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjenge enza izingxenye zomlilo kanye nokukhipha amandla kanye nemishini yokukhangisa yemithi kanye nezingxenye zenjini yendiza. Ama-316 ama-fasteners amelana nokugqwala emanzi olwandle nasezindaweni zasolwandle. Njengomenzi we-fastener oholayo oholayo onguthelawayeka angama-316, sinikeza ama-fasteners ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, osayizi nosayizi. Sicela uxhumane nathi ngophenyo lwakho futhi sizohlangabezana nezidingo zakho.

Insimbi engenasici i-alloy yensimbi engamelana nokugunda. Inama-chromium okungenani ayi-11% futhi ingaqukatha izinto ezifana nekhabhoni, ezinye izinsimbi nezinsimbi ukuthola ezinye izakhiwo ezifiselekayo. Ukuphikiswa kwensimbi engenasici emiphumeleni yokugqwala kusuka ku-chromium, eyakha ifilimu nje engavikela lokho okubonakalayo nokuzenzela ukuziphilisa phambi komoya-mpilo.

I-ANX S31254 WELD TIVE FLACE ikhethelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-welding. Lawa ma-flanges angabamba ipayipi esikhundleni ngesikhathi se-welding. Okuqukethwe kunamaphuzu afinyelela ku-1390 degrees Celsius ancibilika ukuze asetshenziswe ekushiseni okuphezulu kanye nezicelo eziphakeme zokucindezela ezinjengezicelo zamandla, ukushintshaniswa kokushisa, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-boiler kanye ne-petrochemical zezimboni.
Ukwakhiwa kwamapayipi
Insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi yekhabhoni
I-duplex steel
Ukufakwa kwamapayipi wensimbi
310s amapayipi ensimbi angenasici
Imishini yefektri yamapayipi efektri
Thayipha "ipayipi elingenamthungo
Ukukhiqiza i-ASME B36.10 ASME B36.25
Amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali namashubhu we-254smo S31254 en 1.4547 6mo piping
Amapuleti we-nickel alloy namashidi namakhoyili

Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 elingagqwali liye laba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezimboni. Le alloy yensimbi ne-chrome yamukelwa ngokumelana kwayo okuphezulu ekugqwaneni, kanye nokuqina kwawo. 316 I-tubing yensimbi engagqwali ingakhiqizwa kumashubhu angenamthungo nama-welded ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende athile.
Uhlelo olungenasici lwensimbi luwumkhiqizo wokukhetha ukuthwala uketshezi olulimazayo noma oluhlanzekile, ama-slurries kanye namagesi, ikakhulukazi lapho kuhileleka khona izingcindezi eziphakeme, amazinga okushisa aphezulu noma izindawo ezihlangene. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zobuhle zensimbi engenasici, ipayipi livame ukusetshenziswa ezingcunweni zezakhiwo.
I-HT PIBIP Stocks ebengenamthungo ne-welded 304 \ 304l ipayipi lensimbi engenacala. Leli grad yensimbi yibanga elisetshenziswa kakhulu kakhulu ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kwalo kanye ne-oxidation. Ezinye zezinzuzo zokukhetha lokhu okuqukethwe amapayipi zifaka izindleko zayo zokulungiswa okuphansi, amandla okumelana nezindawo ezinokhahlo, kanye nokushiswa. Thayipha amapayipi ensimbi angama-304 nama-304l enza kahle emazingeni okushisa aphezulu nasezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi luhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi lungasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo kanye nezimboni.

Ama-Flanges angamamojula, asetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni amamojula wepayipi wezimo nosayizi abahlukahlukene. I-Flange ngokuvamile yakhiwa amakilasi ahlukene, asiza ekusebenziseni nasekuhlonzeni izici ezihlukile zemikhiqizo. I-ISO ne-ANSI amazinga abalulekile, abusa imboni.

Isixazululo se-Anneling (okubuye kwabizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwesixazululo) kuyinqubo ejwayelekile yokuvuselela ukushisa kwemindeni eminingi yezensimbi. Ama-steres angenasici, ama-alloys e-aluminium, ama-superlosi asuselwa ku-nickel, ama-alloys e-titanium, kanye namanye ama-alloys asuselwa yi-copper konke kungadinga isixazululo sokuhlelisa.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-flanges ezinjenge-254 SMO Slip on Flange zinokumelana kahle nokugqwala ngenxa yokwakheka. Ama-flanges nawo anamandla kunamaphayizi ajwayelekile ensimbi engenasici angu-650mpa ubuncane bamandla, ama-300MPA amancane isivuno samandla esivuzwayo kanye namazinga angu-35%.

I-Al6XN iyinsimbi e-superAustonitic engenacala ngokumelana okuvelele kokuphamba kwe-chloride, ukugqwala kwe-crevice kanye nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezelo. I-Al6xn ingu-Aloy ayi-6 olwenzelwe futhi asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinolaka kakhulu. Ine-nickel ephezulu (24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), i-nitrogen kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-chromium okunikeza ukumelana kahle nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwe-chloride, i-chloride ukumelana, kanye nokuphikiswa okujwayelekile kokugqwala. I-Al6xn isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo okuthuthukile kanye ne-crevice in clorides. Kuyinsimbi enobunzima futhi engakhathali.

Ngenxa yezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini eziphelele zezingxenye ngemuva kokucimanisa nokugunda, ezinye izingxenye ezingadingi ubulukhuni obuphezulu nokuvimbela ukugqokwa kungasetshenziswa njengenqubo yokugcina yokwelashwa.

Ubukhulu bezimo ezilonakalisayo bungadinga ukunxusa ngemuva kokufudumala noma ukusebenzisa i-304l. Uhlobo lwe-304L lunokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ngo-0.03% noma ngaphansi. Le alloy ingasetshenziswa esimweni se-as-welded ngaphandle kokuthi ithintwe ukugqwala okuphakathi.

Thayipha ishubhu yensimbi engama-316 ifana no-304, kepha ngokungezwa kwe-molybdenum, okuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-alloys. Isakhiwo se-auntenitic sivumela ubulukhuni obuhle kakhulu, ngisho nasezansi emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Lawa mabanga ane-waldaality enhle kakhulu, enokwengeza kwensimbi ye-filler. I-316 \ 13l ishubhu engenasici liyatholakala njengemibuthano, isikwele noma ukwakheka okungunxande. Itholakala njengoba ifakwe futhi ingenamthungo. Ine-molybdenum eyengeziwe ne-nickel kune-304 esigcawini, eyandisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi. Ukwehla kwe-weldatall kuboniswa ku-316l alloys ngenxa yokwanda kwekhabhoni e-alloy. Isetshenziselwa ishubhu ezindaweni ezinolaka ngaphezu kwe-304 tube.

Insimbi engenacala ithatha igama layo emandleni ayo okumelana nokugqwala ngenxa yokuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye zayo zokuqalisa kanye nendawo evezwa ngayo. Izinhlobo eziningi zensimbi engenasici zisebenza ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene kanye nokugqagqana okuningi. Zonke izinsimbi ezingenasici zakhiwa okungenani i-chromium engu-10%. Kepha akuzona zonke izinsimbi ezingenasici ziyefana.

Isizathu se-Alloy Ibanga 304 Amapayipi wensimbi angama-304 athandwayo ukuthi unikeza ukumelana okuhle kokugqwala ngezindlela eziningana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium esetshenziswa ekuhlanganisweni kwamapayipi ensimbi angenasici 1.4301.

I-Flange iyisigaxa esinqunyelwe, i-lip noma i-rim, kungaba yangaphandle noma yangaphakathi, esebenza ukukhulisa amandla (njenge-flange yogongolo lwensimbi efana ne-i-beam noma i-t-beam); Ukuthambekela okulula noma ngokuzinza futhi uqondise ukunyakaza komshini noma izingxenye zawo (njenge-flange yangaphakathi yemoto yesitimela noma isondo le-tram, eligcina amasondo asuka ojabha). Igama elithi "i-flange" lisetshenziselwa futhi uhlobo lwethuluzi olusetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-flanges.

Inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa lapho insimbi ifudunyezwa khona emazingeni okushisa afanele (ngenhla noma ngaphansi

I-316 ipayipi lensimbi elingagqwali lenziwa kusuka ku-chromium eqinile noma i-chromium ne-nickel inhlanganisela. Izinhlobo zepayipi lensimbi engenasici zibandakanya ipayipi elingenamthungo nelishibhile, ipayipi elinengcwege elinengcindezi yengcindezi ephezulu, ipayipi elikhulu eliveziwe le-welderitic ne-auntenitic ne-ferrititic ne-auntenitic yensimbi engenasisekelo.

En Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-Con Aceros aunteniticos estandar, Los valores de diseno ama-spiodos para el tubo 254 smo son un 50% mas altos. SE Dice Que ASTM A312 EX US UNA Alternativa eqashiwe A Las Aleaciones a Base de Titanio Y Niquel.
Imigoqo yensimbi yekhabhoni kanye nezinduku
Insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi yekhabhoni
I-duplex steel
Ukufakwa kwamapayipi wensimbi
310s amapayipi ensimbi angenasici
Izinsizakalo Zokushisa Zokushisa zensimbi engenasici kanye nensimbi
Thayipha "ipayipi elingenamthungo
Ukukhiqiza i-ASME B36.10 ASME B36.25

304 \ 301l Ishidi Lensimbi Engagqwali livame ukusetshenziswa ekusebenzeni okubandayo okwenziwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka isicelo. Ukusebenza kwalo okubandayo kwakha inkomba ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe ukukala ukuthi ukwakheka kubushelelezi futhi isilinganiso sesivuno. Izici ezithonyayo zokudalwa okubandayo kwensimbi engama-304 engagqwali kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Ngokuqondene nezici zayo ze-metallographic ezithintekayo, ikakhulukazi ukwakheka kwensimbi, okungukuthi, isilinganiso se-chromium elilingana ne-nickel elilinganayo, futhi ukunwebeka kwezindawo ezijwayelekile zeTensile kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokubonisa inkomba. Ukuze uthole izici ezinhle zokwakha ezibandayo, isilinganiso se-chromium elilingana ne-nickel elilinganayo kwinsimbi idinga ukulawulwa ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanele.

I-Nickel Alloy Pipe neThubhu
I-ASTM A312 I-IPP316 iyincazelo ejwayelekile ye-seamless engenamthungo, i-suuntenicled auntenitic esetshenzisiwe amapayipi wensimbi angenamikhawulo asetshenziswa ezisetshenzisweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokushisa kanye nezinsizakalo ezijwayelekile. Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 le-seamless lensimbi lenziwa ngenhlanganisela ye-chromium, i-nickel, kanye ne-molybdenum, enikeza i-SS 316 i-seamless tube ukumelana kahle nokugqwala.

Insimbi engagqwali engama-304 ipayipi amapayipi end akhiqizwa ngokuhambisana ne-ANSI B16.28 mss Sp-43 kanye ne-Welding Bevel Standards Abi B 16.25

Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 elingagqwali liye laba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezimboni. Le alloy yensimbi ne-chrome yamukelwa ngokumelana kwayo okuphezulu ekugqwaneni, kanye nokuqina kwawo. 316 I-tubing yensimbi engagqwali ingakhiqizwa kumashubhu angenamthungo nama-welded ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende athile.
Uhlelo olungenasici lwensimbi luwumkhiqizo wokukhetha ukuthwala uketshezi olulimazayo noma oluhlanzekile, ama-slurries kanye namagesi, ikakhulukazi lapho kuhileleka khona izingcindezi eziphakeme, amazinga okushisa aphezulu noma izindawo ezihlangene. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zobuhle zensimbi engenasici, ipayipi livame ukusetshenziswa ezingcunweni zezakhiwo.
I-HT PIBIP Stocks ebengenamthungo ne-welded 304 \ 304l ipayipi lensimbi engenacala. Leli grad yensimbi yibanga elisetshenziswa kakhulu kakhulu ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kwalo kanye ne-oxidation. Ezinye zezinzuzo zokukhetha lokhu okuqukethwe amapayipi zifaka izindleko zayo zokulungiswa okuphansi, amandla okumelana nezindawo ezinokhahlo, kanye nokushiswa. Thayipha amapayipi ensimbi angama-304 nama-304l enza kahle emazingeni okushisa aphezulu nasezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Lolu hlobo lwensimbi luhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi lungasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo kanye nezimboni.

Amashubhu wensimbi engagqwali, abhekiswe kuye ngamapayipi ensimbi angenasici, asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zezentengiso nasekhaya. Noma ngabe kuthanda ubunjiniyela, iphrojekthi efanelekile noma yezokukhiqiza, noma isidingo esincane nje esivela ku-hobbyist, amashubhu wensimbi angenazinsimbi ngosayizi abahlukahlukene.
Imigoqo yensimbi yekhabhoni kanye nezinduku
Insimbi engagqwali
Insimbi yekhabhoni
I-duplex steel
Ukufakwa kwamapayipi wensimbi
310s amapayipi ensimbi angenasici
Izinsizakalo Zokushisa Zokushisa zensimbi engenasici kanye nensimbi
Thayipha "ipayipi elingenamthungo
Ukukhiqiza i-ASME B36.10 ASME B36.25