Umkhiqizi we-ANSI JIS BS4504 wenza i-oyili yaseChina noma igesi carbon 1-1-4 Tube Pipe Flange A694 Flange

Ubuningi be-titanium bungama-60% e-60% yensimbi engenasici kanye ne-nickel alloys, lokhu kulondolozwa kwesisindo kwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho lokhu kubalulekile njenge-aerospace.

I-Coil 625 Coil ibonakala ngokumelana kwayo okuhle kwi-oxidation, ukugqwala okushisa kakhulu nokukhathala. I-ASTM B443 EX N06625 INCONEM PLATTE isetshenziswa kabanzi e-Aerospace, ukucubungula amakhemikhali kanye namafutha kanye negesi ngenxa yamandla ayo aphakeme, izinkambiso nokuqina okuphezulu.

Umkhiqizi wohlobo oluthile lwemikhiqizo efaka ama-asTM A105n Flange

Ama-flanges we-ASTM A694 F60 ayatholakala nezinhlobo ezihlukile ezisebenzayo njengama-Flanges ayimpumputhe, amavutha ama-Flanges anciphise, njll.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza yepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo ukubhoboza umgodi kwi-billet yensimbi engenasici ekushiseni kuka-2200 ¡Ã

I-S32750 S32760 Super Dumplex Amapayipi Ensimbi Engagqwali ngokumelana kahle kwe-Pitling Pipling yasendaweni

Kukhombisa ukumelana okuhle ezindaweni ezingathathi hlangothi nezinciphisa. Le alloy yakha i-oxide enobuhlakani, ifilimu evikelayo engahambisani, kepha igcina ukumelana ne-opidation ephakeme emazingeni okushisa anyukayo.

Amapayipi angama-304 enziwe ngensimbi engama-304 engagqwali, impahla ejwayelekile futhi ethandwayo kuzinhlelo eziningi zezimboni ezidinga ukumelana nokugqwala kanye noximation. Lawa mapayipi amapayipi e-S30400 ahlanganiswe asebenzisa imishini ekhethekile nezinqubo, eziqinisekisa ukuthi zinembe kakhulu futhi zithembekile.

I-3 \ \ 16 I-PRESP PIPE BEnder
Chinese (ngokwesiko)
Kungamelana ngempumelelo nokugqwayiza kwe-chloride ion ukuqina, futhi kubuye kube nokumelana kahle nokugqwala nokuqina okuhle ku-oxidizing kanye nokunciphisa imidiya.
Asme B36.19M I-Stireless Insimbi Ipayipi

Zisetshenziselwa insiza yokushisa ephezulu, lapho kudingeka khona i-oxidation kanye ne-carburburation. Ngezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokucindezela kwengcindezi, noma insiza yomkhumbi yengcindezi engenhla kwe-815¡Ãc, incoloy 800h noma incoloy 800ht kufanele isetshenziswe.

I-Alkel-Cont-based Alloy 400 Monel 2.4360 Indukulela ebandayo ebandayo engu-400 I-Monel 400 iyi-alloy yethusi ne-nickel esekelwe ethandwa namuhla ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu. I-alloy ine-acid enhle kakhulu ne-alkali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inamandla amahle ashubile, i-decticity, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu okushisayo, futhi kungaqiniswa ngokusebenza kubanda. Ngokwengeziwe, ingasetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamazinga okushisa asukela ku-minus kuya kuma-538 degrees Celsius.

Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlolweni kwamafutha okuphuma olwandle kanye negesi \ Prokhiqiteleni kanye nakushintshile ekushiseni ku-petrochemical \ ukucubungula kwamakhemikhali.

Incoloy 800h Flange Sinedumela eliqinile embonini ngokukhiqiza ama-flanges asezingeni eliphakeme lezinhlobo ezahlukene ezizohambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende ethu. Sikhiqiza incoloy 800 Flanges ethembekile futhi ephezulu ngekhwalithi. Sisebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ze-premium kanye nemishini ethuthukile yokukhiqiza i-ASTM B564 ANC N08800 Incoloy 800 Flangetes.

I-SMO 254 Amapayipi angamelana nengcindezi emishini ephezulu kanye ne-alloy 254 SMO Pipe TRESHERE TRESHERE PRESHERE EMATHELO EZIQHAWULEKILE KANYE NEMIPHUMELA EBONAKALAYO.

I-A789 EXS S31803 ne-UNS S32205 amamaki amabili wensimbi engenacala esetshenziswa kabanzi kwizicelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Lawa mapayipi we-Duplex S31803 ayaziwa ngokumelana kwawo okuhle kakhulu, amandla aphezulu, nokushiswa okuhle. I-A789 ingukucaciswa okuhlanganisa amashubhu angenamthungo nama-welded enziwe ngensimbi engenacala.

Lokhu kunikeza ama-flanges anokumelana okuphezulu okugqwala kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme zemishini. Sicela uxhumane nathi ngemiyalo yakho yama-F53 Flanges.

Amashubhu we-Hastelloy C2000 asetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezibanzi zezimboni ezifaka ukucubungula kwe-petrochemical, ukukhiqiza imishini yamakhemikhali, ama-oyela wokuhlanza kanye nezitshalo zamandla.

Ukuze udlulise ipayipi, kuyadingeka ukususa i-hose eqondile epayipini. Lapho usebenzisa amapayipi ahlukahlukene, kufanele kusetshenziswe amapayipi ahlukahlukene. Lapho kusetshenziswa ipayipi, i-elbow kumele isetshenziselwe ukushintsha usayizi wepayipi. Lapho u-bifurcating, ipayipi elinezindlela ezintathu i-Flange uxhumano olusetshenzisiwe lapho i-joint isetshenziswa ama-pipeline ahlukahlukene amahle, ukuze ifinyelele ekukhuliseni okuhlangene noma ukugcwaliswa okuhlangene okuhlangene noma ukukhishwa okusebenzayo okubandayo kanye nokuhlangana okubandayo okuhlanganisiwe kusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwepayipi. , Ekuxhumaneni kwamathuluzi ahlukahlukene, kukhona nezixhumi nama-plugs esigaba sensimbi.

Kumelana kakhulu ne-sulfuric acid, chloride, i-bromide, iodide kanye nezixazululo ze-acid fatty emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ukwenziwa kwezemithi ezithile kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-molybdenum-equkethe insimbi engenacala ukugwema ukungcoliswa kwensimbi ngokweqile.

Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezibandakanya ukusetshenziselwa ukushisa kwe-subzero, ama-flanges we-monel 400 akhombisa ubufakazi bokushisa okuhle kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izakhiwo ezinjengamandla nobulukhuni be-monel 400 Lap ehlanganisiwe i-Flange kuncipha kancane maqondana nezinye izakhiwo ezinjenge-computity noma ukumelana nomthelela

I-Preheating of ANX S32750 Super Dueplex Deasters ayidingekile ngaphandle kokuthi ivikele ukubekezelela ngensimbi ebandayo.

I-INTRR 36® iyinsimbi ye-nickel-i-iron, i-alloy ephansi ephansi equkethe ama-nickel angama-36%, i-invar 36 ine-coeffied ephansi yokunwebeka kusuka kumazinga okushisa angu-500 ° F (260 ° C).

Ama-Flanges angama-400 atholakala namazinga okushisa aphezulu ezindaweni zokunciphisa. Ngenkathi ama-flanges angama-400 asetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, agcina izakhiwo zawo zemishini emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ubulukhuni obukhulayo emazingeni okushisa bukhonjisiwe bukhonjiswe njengabanciphise kancane i-couctility noma ukumelana nomthelela ovusa amalangabi ama-monel 400.

I-nickel based 800 incoloy hexagonal Pipe yaziwa ukuthi imelana nokugqwala okuhle. Ngokukhuluma ngokuqondile, ipayipi le-Incoloy 800 linikeza ukumelana okwanele ngokumelene nobabili ukuthuthuka kanye nokugqwala koxidation.

Izakhiwo zemishini zingcono kancane kune-904L, futhi zingasetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwemikhumbi yengcindezi kusuka ku--196 kuya ku-400 ¡Ãc.

I-ASME B36.19M ingukucaciswa okujwayelekile kwamapayipi ensimbi angenasici, acacisa ubukhulu, ukubekezelelana kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza amapayipi afakwe emthungo.

Amashubhu angenamthungo angama-600 angenamthungo we-Ex Enc N06600 ne-ASTM B167 yibo abakhiqizwayo ukuze bagxile ekucindezelweni okukhulu ngokweqile futhi beze newaranti enkulu.

Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 elingagqwali liye laba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezimboni. Le alloy yensimbi ne-chrome yamukelwa ngokumelana kwayo okuphezulu ekugqwaneni, kanye nokuqina kwayo. 316 I-tubing yensimbi engagqwali ingakhiqizwa kumashubhu angenamthungo nama-welded ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende athile.

Insimbi engenasici ibuye yakhiwa okungenani nge-10,5% Chromium, into yensimbi enikeza insimbi ukuqeda kwayo ukuqina nokuphikiswa okukhulu.

Insimbi engu-316 ingenacala imelana kakhulu nokugqwala kunensimbi engu-304 yensimbi engenacala, ikakhulukazi ama-chloride. Lokhu kwenza kube ukukhetha okuvamile kwezicelo lapho imishini yasolwandle nezinye izinto zivezwa ukugxila kakhulu kwama-chlorides noma amanye ama-oxidizing agents. Kodwa-ke, insimbi engagqwali engama-304 isenokumelana kahle nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke lokhu kuvame kuphela kuphela ezindaweni zasolwandle nezinye izindawo eziphakeme zohlanga.

I-ASTM B637 EX N07718 iyinhlangano ye-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy eyenzelwe ukususa izimo eziningi ezinzima zokugqwala, ukugcwala okukhohlisayo kanye ne-crevice. Iphinde ikhombise futhi i-Tensile ephezulu kakhulu, isivuno kanye nezakhiwo ze-creemp ukuqhuma emazingeni okushisa aphakeme. Kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kusuka kumazinga okushisa aphansi kuya ku-1200¡ãf. Enye yezici ezichazayo zokwakheka kwe-B637 EXS N07718 ukufakwa kwe-niobium ukuvumela ukuqina kweminyaka, okusiza ukushisa nokukhulisa ngaphandle kokuqina lapho kuvutha ukufudumeza.

I-Stainless Steel 316 yibanga elijwayelekile le-molybdenum-ethwele, okwesibili ngokubaluleka kwe-SS 304 phakathi kwama-auntenitic steres steres.

I-Hastelloy X Pipe Bend inconywa ikakhulukazi yokusetshenziswa kwezicelo ze-Uthane ngoba inokumelana okungajwayelekile ku-oxidizing, ukunciphisa, nokungathathi hlangothi.

Ukukhuluma ngezakhiwo ezijwayelekile ezikhonjisiwe yi-Incoloy 800 amamaki, incoloy 800 \ 800h \ ukumelana nezindawo zokugqwayiza okujwayelekile, ukumelana nokugqwala okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu kanye nobulukhuni obulula.

I-Nickel 200 Flinges the nickel 200 Flanges ayahlala isikhathi eside, aqinile, futhi abe nokuqeda okuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ASTM B564 ANS N02200 Flanges Blind
I-ASTM A240 Type 2205 Plate ipuleti yensimbi engenacala esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezinjengezimboni zamakhemikhali, i-oyela negesi ehloliwe. ISA 240 GR 2205 Sheet yenziwa ngeBanga 2205 Insimbi Engagqwali, okuyinhlanganisela yensimbi ye-ferrititic ne-auntenitic.
I-Al6XN iyinsimbi e-superAustonitic engenacala ngokumelana okuvelele kokuphamba kwe-chloride, ukugqwala kwe-crevice kanye nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezelo. I-Al6xn ingu-Aloy ayi-6 olwenzelwe futhi asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinolaka kakhulu. Ine-nickel ephezulu (24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), i-nitrogen kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-chromium okunikeza ukumelana kahle nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwe-chloride, i-chloride ukumelana, kanye nokuphikiswa okujwayelekile kokugqwala. I-Al6xn isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo okuthuthukile kanye ne-crevice in clorides. Kuyinsimbi enobunzima futhi engakhathali.

I-Alloy 800 Weld Teld Flanges Sinedumela eliqinile embonini ngokukhiqiza ama-flanges asezingeni eliphakeme lezinhlobo ezahlukene ezizohambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende ethu. Sikhiqiza incoloy 800 Flanges ethembekile futhi ephezulu ngekhwalithi. Sisebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ze-premium kanye nemishini ethuthukile yokukhiqiza i-ASTM B564 ANC N08800 Incoloy 800 Flangetes.
I-Butt-Welding Stud End 304 S30400 End End
IsiShayina (Esenziwe lula)
Khetha ulimi
I-duplex steel
Ikhaya »
Incoloy 800h flange
I-A335 P5 P5 PIPES PIP TUBE
Amapuleti ensimbi Dupplex & Amashidi namakhoyili
I-Butt Weld Pipe Fittings
Amapuleti ensimbi namashidi namakhoyili
I-SCH 40 i-Assential Reducer ASME B16.9 Ukufakwa kwensimbi ye-Carbon
Ngoba ama-316l aphikisanayo ngokungagwinqisi,

I-Hastelloy C2000 iyatholakala ngosayizi nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, lolu hlobo lwe-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy ludume ngamandla alo aphakeme nokuphikiswa kokugqwala.

Ukunwetshwa okulungiselelwe i-iron-nickel-cobalt alloys, ama-kovar alloys, ube nokwanda okunezinwele okuqondile okufana nalokho kwengilazi enzima ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokushisa obuthile

Izicelo zohlobo lwe-316 azivamile ezinyangeni zokushisa, ezokukhiqiza ikhemisi kanye nemishini yokwelapha, ezobunjiniyela zasemanzini, nemishini yokulungiselela ukudla.

Amapayipi e-Incons awasizi ngama-acid axidizing, njenge-nitric acid ne-nitrous. Noma kunjalo, amapayipi e-Inxote Erw amelana ne-alkalis iningi, usawoti, amanzi, imikhiqizo yokudla, izinto eziphilayo kanye nezimo zokushisa ezijwayelekile.

Ukuphela kwethu okuphezulu kwe-Stud End A-Type A-Type A-BUT HELD amalunga ahlolwe futhi kufakazelwe ukuqina, ukunemba nokunemba. I-ANSI B 16.9 I-STUB END isetshenziswa kabanzi ebunjiniyela bamapayipi ukuxhuma izinhlobo ezahlukene zamapayipi.

I-ASTM A312 I-IPP316 iyincazelo ejwayelekile ye-seamless engenamthungo, i-suuntenicled auntenitic esetshenzisiwe amapayipi wensimbi angenamikhawulo asetshenziswa ezisetshenzisweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokushisa kanye nezinsizakalo ezijwayelekile. Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 le-seamless lensimbi lenziwa ngenhlanganisela ye-chromium, i-nickel, kanye ne-molybdenum, enikeza i-SS 316 i-seamless tube ukumelana kahle nokugqwala.

Iyakwazi ukubekezelela uhla olubanzi lwamakhemikhali we-oxidizing kanye nama-non-oxidizing, futhi kukhombisa ukumelana okuvelele ekuhlaselweni okukhonkotha nokukhohlisa phambi kwama-chlorides namanye ama-halide.

Insimbi engenasici i-alloy yensimbi engamelana nokugunda. Inama-chromium okungenani ayi-11% futhi ingaqukatha izinto ezifana nekhabhoni, ezinye izinsimbi nezinsimbi ukuthola ezinye izakhiwo ezifiselekayo. Ukuphikiswa kwensimbi engenasici emiphumeleni yokugqwala kusuka ku-chromium, eyakha ifilimu nje engavikela lokho okubonakalayo nokuzenzela ukuziphilisa phambi komoya-mpilo.

I-Incons 600 Round Bar iyi-alloy esekwe ku-nickel nge-benign carburulization kanye nokuphikiswa okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Imigoqo eyindilinga engama-600 eyindilinga iyasebenza ngokumelene nokomisa ama-CL2 namanye amagesi amaningi ahlukene emazingeni okushisa aphakeme aphezulu. I-Alloy 600 Bar iyi-nickel-chromium alloy ene-oxidation enhle nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwengcindezi yokuwohloka kwe-chloride, ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kokugqwayiza kwamanzi kanye ne-acid oxidation emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.

I-Chromium ephakeme, okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum kanye ne-nitrogen kuphumela ekumelaneni kwe-pipling okulinganiselayo (pren)> 40, ukuhlinzeka ngamakhono wokugqwala okuphezulu kanye nama-creplex ama-stainles cishe kuyo yonke imithombo yezindaba eqinile, kanye nokushisa okubucayi okuphezulu ngenhla kwe-50¡ngÃc ngaphezulu kwe-50¡ngÃc.

Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngokumelana okuthuthukiswe kakhulu ku-sulfuric acid. Futhi inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium, ukukhulisa ukumelana kwayo kumakhemikhali oxidizing kanye nemifudlana yenqubo engcoliswe ngama-forric ion kanye ne-oksijini encibilikisiwe.

1.4529 (uns N08926) Unokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu ekugcekeni okukhohlisayo kanye nokugqwala kwama-crevice emithonjeni yezemithombo ye-halide nasezindaweni ezinama-acidic aqukethe isibabulfur ne-hydrogen

Ama-alloys amelana nawo aphikisayo asetshenziswa kabanzi yizimboni zokucubungula amakhemikhali. Isidingo sokusebenza okuthembekile siholela ekwamukelweni nasekukhuleni kwazo ezindaweni zamandla, ezempilo kanye nezemvelo, uwoyela kanye negesi, amakhemikhali kanye negesi yokuhlanza igesi.

I-spacer ephezulu ye-spacer ring din 65 paddle izimpumputhe fipal fightit class 150 slip on flat welding fight flange

Kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe futhi kukude, okukhuluma ngobuciko bezobuchwepheshe bemikhiqizo yethu. Yaziwa ngezakhiwo zayo ezihlala isikhathi eside, ukumelana nokugqwala, impilo ende nokuningi. Ukufakwa kwezithuthi kwe-Infolment WNR 2.4668 kusetshenziswa abashintshi bokushisa, imithambo yengcindezi, amapayipi, ama-valve, ama-flanges, ama-flanges kanye nokufakwa, ama-condenser, njll.
IsiShayina (Esenziwe lula)
Khetha ulimi
I-duplex steel
Ikhaya »
Incoloy 800h flange
I-A335 P5 P5 PIPES PIP TUBE
Amapuleti ensimbi Dupplex & Amashidi namakhoyili
I-Butt Weld Pipe Fittings
Amapuleti ensimbi namashidi namakhoyili
I-SCH 40 i-Assential Reducer ASME B16.9 Ukufakwa kwensimbi ye-Carbon
Ubude: Ngokwesidingo sakho. "

I-Stainless Steel Pipe ASTM 790 904LS 890L seamless wensimbi ipayipi

Lawa ama-flanges ayizimpumputhe e-a105 carbon e-Flanges, i-A105 Carbon Slip on Flange Flanges, CS A105 LAP FLANES ehlanganisiwe, i-Carbon I-A105 FLANES yaziwa ngokucaciswa okuhle, anikezwa amandla ahlukahlukene, njengoba kufunwa amaklayenti, njengoba kufunwa amaklayenti.

I-Hastelloy X Pipe Bend is N06002 Amapayipi Fittings asetshenziswa kuma-grids we-Catalysts Support grids kanye nezinsimbi zomlilo

I-Incons 625 Alloy isetshenziswa kabanzi ekusebenzeni kwamakhemikhali, Ukulawulwa kokungcola, ama-evaporators, mpendulo yenuzi, imboni yasolwandle nokuningi.

Amapayipi we-Infenel anokumelana ne-oxidation enhle kwinsizakalo ye-870 degree c futhi ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo kuya ku-925 degree Round Pipes angafakwa kwimishini esetshenziselwa ama-alloys ancishisiwe.
I-spacer ephezulu ye-spacer ring din 65 Paddle Padle fightit fighting 150 Slip on Flat Welding Fight Flange - Zhengzhou Huitong Pipeline Equipment Co, Ltd.
Izindawo ezinjengezakhiwo zezimboni nezezinyoni zasolwandle, ama-Jewves kanye nama-piers.
Nickel Alloy Incoloy Seamless Pipe Tube Price 800 800h 800ht N08800 N08810 N08811
I-Hastelloy Pipe Tube B2 B3 X C22 C2000 C276 SMLS WELDS PIPE

Ukumelana nokuvinjelwa kwe-oxidation okuvelele kweHastelloy X Pipe Bend kuboniswe ngezansi. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokudalula amasampula ukomisa umoya ngo-2000 deg. F. nomoya owomile ucindezelwe ku-300 PSI ngo-1750 deg. F.

Ukungezwa kwe-molybdenum kwandisa ukumelana okuthambile kwe-SA335 Ibanga P5. Kuvimbela nokukhula okusanhlamvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-molybdenum yandisa ukumelana nobunzima obungenzeka kuma-chromium steel. Le Chrome Molybdenum Alloy A335 P5 Ipayipi lensimbi ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithwala uketshezi ezinjengewoyela, amanzi negesi ezingcindezini eziphakeme kakhulu nakumazinga okushisa. I-ASTM A335 P5 Alloy Steel Pipe ilungele ukwakha imisebenzi efana nokugoba nokuvutha, kanye ne-fusion welding.

I-ASTM A240 TYPE 2205 Plate Stockholder SA 240 GR 2205 Sheet

I-Incons 718 yi-alloy esekelwe e-nickel-chromium evame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlalweni eziphakeme zokushisa ezinjenge-aerospace negesi turbines. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-ASTM B670 Incontel 718 Ishidi le-Plate Rolling. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili zamapuleti we-Incon 718 atholakala emakethe: Amapuleti ashisayo asongwe namakhaza.

Umkhiqizi wohlobo oluthile lwemikhiqizo efaka ama-asTM A105n Flange

I-ASTM B564 EX N04400 Slip on Flange The Monel 400 Flanges ikhombisa ubufakazi bokushisa okuhle kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izakhiwo ezinjengamandla nobulukhuni be-monel 400 Lap ehlanganisiwe i-Flange kuphela incipha kancane maqondana nezinye izakhiwo ezinjenge-computity noma ukumelana nomthelela. Ngaphandle kwalo i-alloy yalo idume ngokubumba kwayo noma i-professions yayo yokuqina. Futhi ngenxa yalokho isetshenziswe ngokufanele kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokucutshungulwa kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-hydro-carbon, ama-shintsha ama-tumpers, ama-valve namaphampu.