Amapuleti ensimbi Dupplex & Amashidi namakhoyili

I-Grade 304 Pipe i-Brake noma i-roll yakhiwa kalula kwizakhi ezahlukahlukene zokufaka isicelo ezinkambeni zezimboni, zezakhiwo, nasezokuhamba. Ibanga 304 libuye libe nezimpawu ezivelele ze-welding. Isikhungo se-Post-Weld asidingeki lapho izigaba ezithambile ze-welding . htThe

I-Incons 601 Flanges Inconsel Inconsel Incondel 601 iyi-nickel-chromium alloy esetshenziselwa izinhlelo ezidinga ukumelana nokugqwala nokushisa. Le ncwadi ye-nickel ivelele ngenxa yokumelana nokumelana kwayo ku-oxidation ephezulu yokushisa i-oxidation, ihlala imelana ne-oxidation ngo-2200¡Ã f. alloy 601 ithuthukisa izikali ezilandelwa yi-oxide ezivimbela ngisho nezimo ezinzima zokuhamba nge-hormal.

Ama-fasteners angama-718. Abasebenzi bethu banekhono ekusingatheni izinto ezingezona ezijwayelekile futhi banezinto ezihlangenwe nakho ezivumelanayo ngezinto ezithile zezinto zokwakha ezihlukile nezinzima, ziqinisekisa ukuthi ama-fasteners akho azohlangabezana nezidingo zakho eziqondile futhi alondoloze izakhiwo zawo zokulwa nokugqwala.

I-316l 1.4401 S31603 I-STIANCLEENT I-PIPE I-PIRELLELEKILE KAKHULU KAKHULU KAKHULU KANYE NOKUQHAWULA KAKHULU KWAMAHHALA OKUSHINTSHA KULULA KWEZINHLOBO ZOKUXHUMANA NOKUthengisa. Le SS EX C31603 Pipe yenziwa ngekhwalithi ephezulu 316l insimbi engagqwali engenacala ngokumelana kahle nokugqwala, i-oxidation kanye nokubala, okwenza kube kuhle ngezindawo ezinokhahlo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu.

Kuxazululwe ezinye izingqinamba eziphathelene nokwakheka. Ukulawulwa kwamakhemikhali aqinile kanye neminyaka yentuthuko kuholele ekutheni i-alloy esetshenzisiwe namuhla, zombili e-Alloy B2 nase-Alloy B-3.

Amashubhu angenamthungo angama-600 angenamthungo we-Ex Enc N06600 ne-ASTM B167 yibo abakhiqizwayo ukuze bagxile ekucindezelweni okukhulu ngokweqile futhi beze newaranti enkulu.

Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 elingagqwali liye laba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezimboni. Le alloy yensimbi ne-chrome yamukelwa ngokumelana kwayo okuphezulu ekugqwaneni, kanye nokuqina kwawo. 316 I-tubing yensimbi engagqwali ingakhiqizwa kumashubhu angenamthungo nama-welded ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende athile.

Kukhombisa ukumelana okuhle ezindaweni ezingathathi hlangothi nezinciphisa. Le alloy yakha i-oxide enobuhlakani, ifilimu evikelayo engahambisani, kepha igcina ukumelana ne-opidation ephakeme emazingeni okushisa anyukayo.
Ipayipi lensimbi elingagqwali 304 316 304L 310

INilo Alloy 36, w.nr 1.3912, i-Invar 36® iyi-nickel-iron, i-alloy elawulwa okuphansi equkethe ama-nickel angama-36% futhi anezinga lokunwetshwa kwensimbi ecishe ibe yishumi lensimbi ye-carbon.

I-Alloy 800 iyi-nickel-iron-chromium alloy enamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana okuhle ne-oxidation kanye nokugqwala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. I-ASTM B407 EX N08800 Incoloy 800 W. NR. 1.4876 Ipayipi eline-welded lisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwemishini edinga ukumelana nokuvutha, ukumelana nokushisa, amandla, nokuqina kwenkonzo kuze kube ngu-1500 ° F (816 ° C).

I-ASME B36.19M ingukucaciswa okujwayelekile kwamapayipi ensimbi angenasici, acacisa ubukhulu, ukubekezelelana kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza amapayipi afakwe emthungo.

I-Chromium ephakeme, okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum kanye ne-nitrogen kuphumela ekumelaneni kwe-pipling okulinganiselayo (pren)> 40, ukuhlinzeka ngamakhono wokugqwala okuphezulu kanye nama-creplex ama-stainles cishe kuyo yonke imithombo yezindaba eqinile, kanye nokushisa okubucayi okuphezulu ngenhla kwe-50¡ngÃc ngaphezulu kwe-50¡ngÃc.

I-Grade 304 Pipe i-Brake noma i-roll yakhiwa kalula kwizakhi ezahlukahlukene zokufaka isicelo ezinkambeni zezimboni, zezakhiwo, nasezokuhamba. Ibanga 304 libuye libe nezimpawu ezivelele ze-welding. Isikhungo se-Post-Weld asidingeki lapho izingxenye ezicijile ze-welding.

Amapayipi angama-304 enziwe ngensimbi engama-304 engagqwali, impahla ejwayelekile futhi ethandwayo kuzinhlelo eziningi zezimboni ezidinga ukumelana nokugqwala kanye noximation. Lawa mapayipi amapayipi e-S30400 ahlanganiswe asebenzisa imishini ekhethekile nezinqubo, eziqinisekisa ukuthi zinembe kakhulu futhi zithembekile.

I-A789 EXS S31803 ne-UNS S32205 amamaki amabili wensimbi engenacala esetshenziswa kabanzi kwizicelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Lawa mapayipi we-Duplex S31803 ayaziwa ngokumelana kwawo okuhle kakhulu, amandla aphezulu, nokushiswa okuhle. I-A789 ingukucaciswa okuhlanganisa amashubhu angenamthungo nama-welded enziwe ngensimbi engenacala.

Singabakhiqizi kanye nabathengisi bama-Flanges we-A105, ABTM A350 Carbon Insimbi Flanges, A694 A182 FLANES, ASTM A182 F12, ASTM A182 F22, ASTM I-A182 F91, ASTM A105 Flange, ASTM A350 FLANES, ASTM A694 FLACES

I-Hastelloy C2000 iyatholakala ngosayizi nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, lolu hlobo lwe-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy ludume ngamandla alo aphakeme nokuphikiswa kokugqwala.

Imigoqo yensimbi ye-alloy & izinduku
I-Invar 36 Ex K93600
Ubuningi be-titanium bungama-60% e-60% yensimbi engenasici kanye ne-nickel alloys, lokhu kulondolozwa kwesisindo kwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho lokhu kubalulekile njenge-aerospace.
I-ASTM B677 EX N08925, ANX N08926

Ngoba insimbi engagqwali engama-304 ipayipi elinobuncane be-18% kuya ku-20% i-chromium, insimbi yakha ukuzilapha, i-oxide ungqimba wepayipi.

I-Al6XN iyinsimbi e-superAustonitic engenacala ngokumelana okuvelele kokuphamba kwe-chloride, ukugqwala kwe-crevice kanye nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezelo. I-Al6xn ingu-Aloy ayi-6 olwenzelwe futhi asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinolaka kakhulu. Ine-nickel ephezulu (24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), i-nitrogen kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-chromium okunikeza ukumelana kahle nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwe-chloride, i-chloride ukumelana, kanye nokuphikiswa okujwayelekile kokugqwala. I-Al6xn isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo okuthuthukile kanye ne-crevice in clorides. Kuyinsimbi enobunzima futhi engakhathali.

I-DIN127 N083667 Imvelo yensimbi engenasici m11 washer n08367 Washer
I-SCH40 Monel 400 ipayipi iqokwa njenge-Werkstoff Inombolo engu-2.4360 futhi ayinasi-n04400. I-Alloy 400 Ipayipi elibuye laziwa ngokuthi yi-Monel Alloy 400 ipayipi, i-monel 400 ipayipi & nickel alloy 400 Pipe.
I-ASME SB564 Alloy 400 Plate Flanges

I-ASME SB564 Alloy 400 Plate Plate Flanges Monel 400 N04400 Orifice Flange a Alkel-Copper Alloy, Monel 400 Flanges iyi-nickel alloy eqinile engaba nzima ngokusebenza kubandayo. Waziwa kakhulu ngokumelana kwayo kokugqwala kokunciphisa imidiya namanzi olwandle, i-monel 400 nayo iqinile ezindaweni ezinamandla kunama-ropper alloys. Eyaziwa nangokuthi Alloy 400, ama-Flanges we-Monel 400 asetshenziswa ekushiseni okuphezulu, izicelo ze-Caustic nesawoti.

I-Incons 718 yi-alloy esekelwe e-nickel-chromium evame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlalweni eziphakeme zokushisa ezinjenge-aerospace negesi turbines. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-ASTM B670 Incontel 718 Ishidi le-Plate Rolling. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili zamapuleti we-Incon 718 atholakala emakethe: Amapuleti ashisayo asongwe namakhaza.

Amalangabi ensimbi engagqwali
I-ASTM A240 Type 2205 Plate ipuleti yensimbi engenacala esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezinjengezimboni zamakhemikhali, i-oyela negesi ehloliwe. ISA 240 GR 2205 Sheet yenziwa ngeBanga 2205 Insimbi Engagqwali, okuyinhlanganisela yensimbi ye-ferrititic ne-auntenitic.

Inqubo yokuvuselela ye -316 yensimbi engenasici

I-flange iyindandatho yensimbi (eyakhiwe, enqunywe kusuka epuletini, noma i-rolled) yakhelwe ukuxhuma izingxenye zepayipi, noma ukujoyina ipayipi kumhlangano wengcindezi, i-valve, iphampu noma omunye umhlangano ovusiwe ovusiwe. Ama-Flanges ahlanganiswe komunye nomunye ngama-bolts, futhi ohlelweni lwamapayipi ngokushiswa noma ngomcucu (noma okuxekethile lapho kusetshenziswa izimbumbulu). I-Finanless yensimbi filange eyenziwe lula njenge-SS Flange, isho ama-flanges enza ngensimbi engenacala. Amazinga ajwayelekile wezinto ezibonakalayo namamaki yi-ASTM A182 Ibanga F304 \ l ne-F316 \ l, libe ngu-2500 njll.

Ama-bushings afana namashubhu amancanyana asetshenziswa kakhulu emishini ngemishini ejikelezayo noma eshelelayo imisele ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle futhi anciphise ukudlidliza nomsindo. Ama-bushings angasetshenziselwa ukumba izinsiza ku-drill emis

I-Nickel 200 Flinges the nickel 200 Flanges ayahlala isikhathi eside, aqinile, futhi abe nokuqeda okuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ASTM B564 ANS N02200 Flanges Blind

Ama-Duplex Steel angenacala acishe abe ngu-50% Ferrite no-50% Aupen ngamandla amahle nokuphikiswa kokugqwala.

Amashubhu we-Hastelloy C2000 asetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezibanzi zezimboni ezifaka ukucubungula kwe-petrochemical, ukukhiqiza imishini yamakhemikhali, ama-oyela wokuhlanza kanye nezitshalo zamandla.

ASTM A213 I-IP304, I-IPP304L, I-IPP316L, I-IPP3TI, I-PP310, NO8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8946 Astma269PT304, I-IPP304L, I-IPP316L, I-IPP317L, PP345L, S345L, No8967, No8926

I-Hastelloy C276 ASTM IPlate B575 Plate iyi-nickel-molybdenum-chromium superulloy ene-tungsten eyenziwe yaba yi-superb devoy.lloy C276 nickel alloy Plate ingenye yezinto zokomoya ezisebenza kahle kuzo zombili izimo kanye nokunciphisa izindawo. Iphikisana nokugqwala kokugqwayiza kwe-chloride ukuqhekeka, ukupela, i-crevice kanye nokugqwala okujwayelekile.

Amabha we-Hastelloy C276 amabha ebangeni abuye abe nokuphikiswa okuhle kokugqwala emanzini olwandle nasezixazululweni ze-brine. Baziwa nangokumelana kwabo nokugqwala kwasendaweni okufana nokuqhekeka okuhlobene nokugqwayiza okuhlobene nokukhonkotha.

Indwangu ye-Al6xn yaziwa ngokumelana kwayo okumangalisayo kokugqwala. Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu, ukusheshiswa okuhle, ukwakheka okuhle nokuphikiswa okuhle kokugqwala. Abanini bangasungula ukubuyiselwa okunembile ekutshalweni kwemali ngoba ihlinzeka ngenani eliqinile nelithembekile. Lezi ze-alroys al6xn washer yizinto ezisetshenzisiwe zeprimiyamu ezenzelwe ukucaciswa kwezwe nezwe lonke. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo, ukumelana nokugqwala nokusebenza kahle, singasebenza ngokwezifiso ngezidingo ezithile zamakhasimende ethu.

I-chromium ephezulu ye-chromium nokuqukethwe kwe-nickel ephakathi kwama-310s insimbi engagqwali ivumela lezi zinsimbi ukuthi zisetshenziswe kuma-halfure aqukethe ama-sulfur ancishisiwe. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuzihloleni ezilinganiselayo, njengalezo ezihlangabezana nazo ezindaweni ze-petrochemical. Ukuzikhandla okunzima kakhulu umoya, amanye ama-alloys amelana nokushisa kufanele akhethwe. Ibanga 310 alinconywa ukujula okuhlala njalo ngenxa yokushaqeka kwe-thermal. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo kanye nokuvumela okuphansi kazibuthe, leli banga livame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokushisa eziphansi.

Ama-bolts angama-718 ahlinzeka ngokumelana nokugqwala ekunciphiseni nasekunciphiseni kwabezindaba, kanye nase-oxidizing Atmosheres, inqobo nje uma imithombo ye-oxidizing ivumela ifilimu elingenazifiso le-oxide ukuze lisebenze. Ama-bolts angama-naturemus angama-718 anezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini kanye nokumelana okuhle nezimo ezilimazayo.

I-ASTM A182 F5 LOP FLAnges ehlanganisiwe ihamba ngohlobo lwamagama, kufaka phakathi i-flange, i-flange evulekile evulekile, indandatho yendandatho evulekile ne-van Stone Flange. I-ASTM A182 F5 FLACESE iyindlela yokuxhuma amapayipi, ama-valve, amaphampu neminye imishini yokwenza uhlelo lwamapayipi. Iphinde inikeze ukufinyelela okulula kokuhlanza, ukuhlola noma ukuguqulwa. Ama-Flanges ajwayele ukufakwa noma ukugcotshwa. Amalunga avutha amalangabi enziwa ngokubopha ndawonye ama-flanges amabili nge-gasket phakathi kwabo ukunikeza uphawu.

Iyakwazi ukubekezelela uhla olubanzi lwamakhemikhali we-oxidizing kanye nama-non-oxidizing, futhi kukhombisa ukumelana okuvelele ekuhlaselweni okukhonkotha nokukhohlisa phambi kwama-chlorides namanye ama-halide.

I-SMO 254 Amapayipi angamelana nengcindezi emishini ephezulu kanye ne-alloy 254 SMO Pipe TRESHERE TRESHERE PRESHERE EMATHELO EZIQHAWULEKILE KANYE NEMIPHUMELA EBONAKALAYO.

Amashubhu wensimbi engagqwali, abhekiswe kuye ngamapayipi ensimbi angenasici, asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zezentengiso nasekhaya. Noma ngabe kuthanda ubunjiniyela, iphrojekthi efanelekile noma yezokukhiqiza, noma isidingo esincane nje esivela ku-hobbyist, amashubhu wensimbi angenazinsimbi ngosayizi abahlukahlukene.
I-Coil 625 Coil ibonakala ngokumelana kwayo okuhle kwi-oxidation, ukugqwala okushisa kakhulu nokukhathala. I-ASTM B443 EX N06625 INCONEM PLATTE isetshenziswa kabanzi e-Aerospace, ukucubungula amakhemikhali kanye namafutha kanye negesi ngenxa yamandla ayo aphakeme, izinkambiso nokuqina okuphezulu.
I-Nickel Alloy 400 no-Monel 400, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-UNS N04400, i-alloy esuselwa ku-nickel-copper eyakhiwe ngokuyinhloko i-nickel yesibili ne-lickel yesithathu neyodwa. I-Nickel Alloy 400 yaziwa ngokumelana kwayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezimo ezilimazayo, kufaka phakathi i-alkalis (noma ama-acid), amanzi anosawoti, i-hydrofluoric acid, ne-sulfuric acid. Njengoba i-monel 400 noma i-alloy 400 iyinsimbi ebandayo esetshenzisiwe, le alloy inobulukhuni obuphezulu, ukuqina namandla. Ngokusebenza okubandayo kwe-ASTM B164 ANS N04400 Bar stock, i-alloy ifakwa emazingeni aphezulu wengcindezi yemishini, yona ebangela izinguquko kwi-miscruccucture ye-alloy.

Amapayipi okucushwa komthungo anamandla aphezulu athwala umthwalo namandla ngaphezu kwamanye amamaki.

I-Annelung inqubo ethile yokwelashwa okushisa iguqula izakhiwo zensimbi. Ngenkathi kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokwelashwa kokushisa, ukuvezwa okuthandwayo kuyathandwa ngoba kukhulisa ukuhlelwa futhi kunciphisa ubunzima.

Ifaka insimbi engama-304 engenasici ukuze imelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, le llainger evunyiwe ye-weldi tek flange ingafakwa ohlelweni nge-clurceferance ye-wald entanyeni. Indawo ye-welded ingahlolwa kalula yi-radiography. Ipayipi elifanisiwe ne-Flange Brore inciphisa isiyaluyalu nokuguguleka ngaphakathi kwepayipi. I-Flange ihle kakhulu ukuze isetshenziswe kuzinhlelo zakho ezibucayi futhi ilungele ukusetshenziswa ngomoya, amanzi, uwoyela, igesi yemvelo kanye nomusi.

I-Finanling yensimbi Flange inokusebenza okuhle nezinto zokwakha zesayensi. Izinto zokwenziwa zensimbi ejwayelekile ziphendula ngomoya endaweni enomswakama, eshintsha izakhiwo zensimbi zangempela.

I-Alkel-Cont-based Alloy 400 Monel 2.4360 Indukulela ebandayo ebandayo engu-400 I-Monel 400 iyi-alloy yethusi ne-nickel esekelwe ethandwa namuhla ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu. I-alloy ine-acid enhle kakhulu ne-alkali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inamandla amahle ashubile, i-decticity, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu okushisayo, futhi kungaqiniswa ngokusebenza kubanda. Ngokwengeziwe, ingasetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamazinga okushisa asukela ku-minus kuya kuma-538 degrees Celsius.

Okuhlukanisa i-hastelloy B3 i-fastener evela kwangaphambilini kungukuhlelwa kwayo okuhle ngesikhathi sokuchayeka okuphakathi kwamazinga okushisa aphakathi (I.E. Imishini, ukwelashwa okushisa) ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo kwekhabhoni ephansi. Le alloy le-nickel-molybdenum livame ukutholakala kubha, ucingo, eshidi kanye nefomu lepuleti. Ama-hastelloy b-3 ama-fasteners asetshenziswa kakhulu ezindlini ze-vacuum kanye ne-petro \ imigqa yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali.

Ama-Flange incoloy engu-825 FLOLOY yilolunye uhlobo lwama-flanges anokumelana okuvelele ku-oxidizing kanye nokunciphisa ama-acid. Ziyaziswa ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwazo nokugqwala futhi zihlanzekile kumandla

I-S32750 S32760 Super Dumplex Amapayipi Ensimbi Engagqwali ngokumelana kahle kwe-Pitling Pipling yasendaweni

Inqubo Yokukhiqiza I-Rolling \ Umsebenzi oshisayo, ukugoqa okubandayo

Ukuze udlulise ipayipi, kuyadingeka ukususa i-hose eqondile epayipini. Lapho usebenzisa amapayipi ahlukahlukene, kufanele kusetshenziswe amapayipi ahlukahlukene. Lapho kusetshenziswa ipayipi, i-elbow kumele isetshenziselwe ukushintsha usayizi wepayipi. Lapho u-bifurcating, ipayipi elinezindlela ezintathu i-Flange uxhumano olusetshenzisiwe lapho i-joint isetshenziswa ama-pipeline ahlukahlukene amahle, ukuze ifinyelele ekukhuliseni okuhlangene noma ukugcwaliswa okuhlangene okuhlangene noma ukukhishwa okusebenzayo okubandayo kanye nokuhlangana okubandayo okuhlanganisiwe kusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwepayipi. , Ekuxhumaneni kwamathuluzi ahlukahlukene, kukhona nezixhumi nama-plugs esigaba sensimbi.

Umkhiqizi we-OEM ANSI B16.5 insimbi engagqwali 304 316 304L 316l wn welding intamo flange

I-Alloy 800 Weld Teld Flanges Sinedumela eliqinile embonini ngokukhiqiza ama-flanges asezingeni eliphakeme lezinhlobo ezahlukene ezizohambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende ethu. Sikhiqiza incoloy 800 Flanges ethembekile futhi ephezulu ngekhwalithi. Sisebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ze-premium kanye nemishini ethuthukile yokukhiqiza i-ASTM B564 ANC N08800 Incoloy 800 Flangetes.
Ama-flangel angama-Nickel 200
I-duplex steel
Xhumana nathi
Isiphepheli
Khetha ulimi
I-Duplex Steel Pipe & Tube
Amapuleti we-nickel alloy namashidi namakhoyili
Ibha ye-Incons 601 Round Bar
Ngokuzama ukubopha uphawu ngengilazi enzima
I-Incomel 601 ingumbutho ohlanganiswe ne-nickel ne-chromium.
Ukumelana nokungamelana ne-600 amapayipi ama-antioxidant

I-304 S30400 1.4301 Piping Piping Spools 304 Insimbi Engagqwali Kwangaphambi Kwendwangu

I-A403 WPP304 Elbow ingaxhunyaniswa kalula, ifakwe futhi ifakwe izimfanelo eziqinile zomoya.I-A403 WPP030

Incoloy 800, 800h, no-800ht yi-nickel-iron-chromium alloys enamandla amahle futhi ukumelana kahle ne-oxidation kanye nokuthuthuka ekuvezweni okushisa kakhulu.

I-INTRR 36® iyinsimbi ye-nickel-i-iron, i-alloy ephansi ephansi equkethe ama-nickel angama-36%, i-invar 36 ine-coeffied ephansi yokunwebeka kusuka kumazinga okushisa angu-500 ° F (260 ° C).

I-nickel based 800 incoloy hexagonal Pipe yaziwa ukuthi imelana nokugqwala okuhle. Ngokukhuluma ngokuqondile, ipayipi le-Incoloy 800 linikeza ukumelana okwanele ngokumelene nobabili ukuthuthuka kanye nokugqwala koxidation.

I-ANSI B16.11 I-Hastelloy B2 plugs inokumelana kahle ne-oxidizing aqualizing a matealie media kufaka phakathi i-chlorine enamanzi nokuxubanisa kufaka i-oxidizing noma i-nitric acid.

Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlolweni kwamafutha okuphuma olwandle kanye negesi \ Prokhiqiteleni kanye nakushintshile ekushiseni ku-petrochemical \ ukucubungula kwamakhemikhali.

I-ASTM A312 I-IPP316 iyincazelo ejwayelekile ye-seamless engenamthungo, i-suuntenicled auntenitic esetshenzisiwe amapayipi wensimbi angenamikhawulo asetshenziswa ezisetshenzisweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokushisa kanye nezinsizakalo ezijwayelekile. Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 le-seamless lensimbi lenziwa ngenhlanganisela ye-chromium, i-nickel, kanye ne-molybdenum, enikeza i-SS 316 i-seamless tube ukumelana kahle nokugqwala.