I-ASTM A276 347 DIN 14541 04 FLAT SS 304 316 Ibha yensimbi engenasici

Ama-Flanges ayingxenye ebalulekile yokucubungula izimboni ezenzelwe. Iningi lezimboni, kufaka phakathi i-oyili negesi, ukwelashwa kwamanzi kanye nokuphekelwa kwamandla kwenuzi kwenuzi kwenza ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi, okuvumela ukuhamba kwabezindaba kumayunithi ahlukene efektri

I-ASME B36.19M ingukucaciswa okujwayelekile kwamapayipi ensimbi angenasici, acacisa ubukhulu, ukubekezelelana kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza amapayipi afakwe emthungo.

Lokhu kufanele kube yingxenye yohlelo lokuhambisa uketshezi (uwoyela, igesi, umusi, amakhemikhali, ...) ngendlela ephephile futhi ephumelelayo, amabanga amafushane noma amade.

I-Incons 718 yi-alloy esekelwe e-nickel-chromium evame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlalweni eziphakeme zokushisa ezinjenge-aerospace negesi turbines. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-ASTM B670 Incontel 718 Ishidi le-Plate Rolling. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili zamapuleti we-Incon 718 atholakala emakethe: Amapuleti ashisayo asongwe namakhaza.

Thayipha insimbi engama-304 engagqwali inguchungechunge lwe-T 300 lwensimbi engagqwali i-auntenitic. Inobuncane be-chromium engu-18% ne-8% nickel, ehlanganiswe ne-carbon engu-0.08%. Kuchazwa njenge-Chromium-Nickel Auntenitic Alloy.304 Insimbi Engagqwali isetshenziselwa izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene zezindlu nezimboni njengokuphatha ukudla kanye nemishini yokucubungula, izikulufu, kanye nama-mainchlils. I-304 Insimbi Engagqwali nayo isetshenziswa emkhakheni wezakhiwo ukuze ama-accents angaphandle anjengezici zamanzi nezici zomlilo. Kubuye kube yinto evamile yekhoyili yama-vaporizers.

I-G30 Alloy ingavimba ukwakheka kokunambuzwa kwemvula eshisayo endaweni ethintekile ye-Welding

I-Incoloy 825 iyinhlangano ye-nickel iron chromium alloy enokungezwa kwe-molybdenum, ithusi ne-titanium. Le nketha yensimbi ye-nickel alloy¡¯¯s yakhelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokumelana okuhlukile ezindaweni eziningi ezilimazayo

Imigoqo yensimbi yeDuplex & Rods
Duplex Flanges
Ubuningi be-titanium bungama-60% e-60% yensimbi engenasici kanye ne-nickel alloys, lokhu kulondolozwa kwesisindo kwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho lokhu kubalulekile njenge-aerospace.
Ngokuzama ukubopha uphawu ngengilazi enzima

Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 elingagqwali liye laba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezimboni. Le alloy yensimbi ne-chrome yamukelwa ngokumelana kwayo okuphezulu ekugqwaneni, kanye nokuqina kwawo. 316 I-tubing yensimbi engagqwali ingakhiqizwa kumashubhu angenamthungo nama-welded ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende athile.

Insimbi engenasisekelo iyinto eguquguqukayo eyakhiwe nge-alloy yensimbi kanye namaphesenti amancane we-chromium ukwengezwa kwe-chromium engeza ukumelana nokukhulisa okwenziwe ngokwezinto

Amantongomane angama-2507 amelana kakhulu nokugqwala okuhlobene nokwenhlanganisela okuhlobene ne-carbide ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwabo okuphansi kwekhabhoni (0.020% ngesisindo).

I-ASTM A240 Type 2205 Plate ipuleti yensimbi engenacala esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezinjengezimboni zamakhemikhali, i-oyela negesi ehloliwe. ISA 240 GR 2205 Sheet yenziwa ngeBanga 2205 Insimbi Engagqwali, okuyinhlanganisela yensimbi ye-ferrititic ne-auntenitic.

Imigoqo eyindilinga engama-625 isetshenziswa futhi kuma-reactors enuzi, izinhlelo zokuhlanganisa, amashubhu e-rocket thrust, ama-liners, ama-compressor blades, izimpawu ze-compresser, nokuningi. Inokwakheka okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuzenzela ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-nickel. Ibha eyindilinga engu-625 inokumelana kahle nezinhlobonhlobo ze-acidic izindawo ezifana ne-nitric, sulfuric, hydrochloric kanye ne-phosphoric indawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlinzeka ngezakhiwo ezivikelayo, ezizungezwe izinsimbi ze-alkali.

I-nickel based 800 incoloy hexagonal Pipe yaziwa ukuthi imelana nokugqwala okuhle. Ngokukhuluma ngokuqondile, ipayipi le-Incoloy 800 linikeza ukumelana okwanele ngokumelene nobabili ukuthuthuka kanye nokugqwala koxidation.

I-Hastelloy C2000 iyatholakala ngosayizi nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, lolu hlobo lwe-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy ludume ngamandla alo aphakeme nokuphikiswa kokugqwala.

Incoloy 800h Flange Sinedumela eliqinile embonini ngokukhiqiza ama-flanges asezingeni eliphakeme lezinhlobo ezahlukene ezizohambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende ethu. Sikhiqiza incoloy 800 Flanges ethembekile futhi ephezulu ngekhwalithi. Sisebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ze-premium kanye nemishini ethuthukile yokukhiqiza i-ASTM B564 ANC N08800 Incoloy 800 Flangetes.

I-316l 1.4401 S31603 I-STIANCLEENT I-PIPE I-PIRELLELEKILE KAKHULU KAKHULU KAKHULU KANYE NOKUQHAWULA KAKHULU KWAMAHHALA OKUSHINTSHA KULULA KWEZINHLOBO ZOKUXHUMANA NOKUthengisa. Le SS EX C31603 Pipe yenziwa ngekhwalithi ephezulu 316l insimbi engagqwali engenacala ngokumelana kahle nokugqwala, i-oxidation kanye nokubala, okwenza kube kuhle ngezindawo ezinokhahlo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu.

Amashubhu we-Hastelloy C2000 asetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezibanzi zezimboni ezifaka ukucubungula kwe-petrochemical, ukukhiqiza imishini yamakhemikhali, ama-oyela wokuhlanza kanye nezitshalo zamandla.

I-Monel K500 ipayipi bend kanye ne-elbow inokumelana nokugqwayiza uhla olubanzi lwezindawo zasolwandle nezamakhemikhali. Ukusuka emanzini ahlanzekile kuya kuma-acid angamaminerali angewona axiding, usawoti kanye ne-alkalis.

Amapayipi angama-304 enziwe ngensimbi engama-304 engagqwali, impahla ejwayelekile futhi ethandwayo kuzinhlelo eziningi zezimboni ezidinga ukumelana nokugqwala kanye noximation. Lawa mapayipi amapayipi e-S30400 ahlanganiswe asebenzisa imishini ekhethekile nezinqubo, eziqinisekisa ukuthi zinembe kakhulu futhi zithembekile.

I-A789 EXS S31803 ne-UNS S32205 amamaki amabili wensimbi engenacala esetshenziswa kabanzi kwizicelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Lawa mapayipi we-Duplex S31803 ayaziwa ngokumelana kwawo okuhle kakhulu, amandla aphezulu, nokushiswa okuhle. I-A789 ingukucaciswa okuhlanganisa amashubhu angenamthungo nama-welded enziwe ngensimbi engenacala.

Imigoqo yethu yensimbi engama-347 engenasici imelana kakhulu nokushisa okude nokugqwala, okwenza balungele ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, izinjini, ukwakheka kwe-welded nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu zokushisa. Waziwa nangokuthi imigoqo ye-UNS S34700, lemigoqo yensimbi engama-347 engenasici ibe ne-deppert ephakeme kanye nokuqhuma kwezakhiwo ngokuqhathaniswa namanye amabanga anjengensimbi engabi nalutho, enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini.

I-ASTM A106 Pressue Piep (eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-ASME SA106 Pipe) ivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamafutha okucolisiswa kwamafutha, izitshalo zamandla, izithuthi, lapho amapayipi kufanele athule khona ama-fluids namazinga okushisa aphezulu.

I-SAE 304 Insimbi Engagqwali iyinsimbi evame kakhulu engenacala. Insimbi iqukethe zombili i-chromium (phakathi kuka-18% no-20%) kanye ne-nickel (phakathi kuka-8% kanye ne-10,5%) [1] izinsimbi njengezicini ezingezona zensimbi. Kuyinsimbi engelutho engagqwali. Akukancane ngogesi nakwesobunxele kunensimbi yekhabhoni. Kuyinto kazibuthe, kepha kazibuthe kakhulu kunensimbi. Inokumelana nokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu kunensimbi ejwayelekile futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yokukhululeka lapho kwakhiwa khona ngezimo ezahlukahlukene. [1]

Ama-alloys amelana nawo aphikisayo asetshenziswa kabanzi yizimboni zokucubungula amakhemikhali. Isidingo sokusebenza okuthembekile siholela ekwamukelweni nasekukhuleni kwazo ezindaweni zamandla, ezempilo kanye nezemvelo, uwoyela kanye negesi, amakhemikhali kanye negesi yokuhlanza igesi.

Imigoqo yensimbi ye-alloy & izinduku
I-Nickel 200 Flinges the nickel 200 Flanges ayahlala isikhathi eside, aqinile, futhi abe nokuqeda okuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ASTM B564 ANS N02200 Flanges Blind

Izinto ezingenacala ezingenasici ASTM A312 I-IPP304, I-IPP304L, I-IPP31L, »316Ti, S315L, No8927, No8926, No8904

Insimbi engama-304 engenasici iyinsimbi evame kakhulu engenacala. Insimbi iqukethe zombili i-chromium (phakathi kuka-18% no-20%) kanye ne-nickel (phakathi kuka-8% kanye ne-10,5%) [1] izinsimbi njengezicini ezingezona zensimbi. Yinsimbi e-auntenitic engagqwali. Uma kwenzeka ukusetshenziswa, i-SS304 kungatholakala ekhishini emigceni kanye neminye imisebenzi efana nama-aposta kanye nama-microwave oveni. I-SS304 nayo isetshenziselwa ukwenza imithambo yengcindezi, izembozo zamasondo kanye nokwakha ama-facade.

I-ASTM A240 TYPE 2507 Super Dumplex Plutes kumele ihambisane ne-ASTM A240. Kungukucaciswa kwepuleti yensimbi ye-chrome ne-chrome-nickel engenasici. I-Super Duplex Puls engama-2507 isetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile neziqukathi.

I-Alloy 800 Weld Teld Flanges Sinedumela eliqinile embonini ngokukhiqiza ama-flanges asezingeni eliphakeme lezinhlobo ezahlukene ezizohambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende ethu. Sikhiqiza incoloy 800 Flanges ethembekile futhi ephezulu ngekhwalithi. Sisebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ze-premium kanye nemishini ethuthukile yokukhiqiza i-ASTM B564 ANC N08800 Incoloy 800 Flangetes.

Izicelo zifaka izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu ezilonakalisayo kufaka phakathi izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-acidic ngenxa yokwakheka kwezinto ezibonakalayo.

I-Butt Weld Pipe Fitting yenzelwe ukuthi ifakwe kwisayithi ezindaweni zayo (ama) ukuxhuma amapayipi (s) ndawonye futhi avumele ushintsho kububanzi obuhle noma ngepayipi, noma ephepheni noma ekuphelisweni.

I-ASTM A312 I-IPP316 iyincazelo ejwayelekile ye-seamless engenamthungo, i-suuntenicled auntenitic esetshenzisiwe amapayipi wensimbi angenamikhawulo asetshenziswa ezisetshenzisweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokushisa kanye nezinsizakalo ezijwayelekile. Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 le-seamless lensimbi lenziwa ngenhlanganisela ye-chromium, i-nickel, kanye ne-molybdenum, enikeza i-SS 316 i-seamless tube ukumelana kahle nokugqwala.

Ukufakelwa okungu-321 kuhlanganisa indinganiso ye-auntenitic auntenitic acrenings ukufakwa kwezinsimbi kwezicelo zokucindezela kwamapayipi. Izinto zokufakelwa kwamaphayipha zizobandakanya ukujeziswa, imigoqo, amapuleti noma amapayipi angenamthungo noma anezinwele. Ukwakha noma ukwakha imisebenzi kuzokwenziwa ngesando, ukucindezela, ukubhoboza, ukukhiphela, ukuqeda, ukuqeda amandla, ukugoqa, ukugoqa ukuthuka, imishini, noma inhlanganisela yemisebenzi emibili noma ngaphezulu. Zonke izesekeli kufanele zithathwe ukushisa.

I-SCH40 Monel 400 ipayipi iqokwa njenge-Werkstoff Inombolo engu-2.4360 futhi ayinasi-n04400. I-Alloy 400 Ipayipi elibuye laziwa ngokuthi yi-Monel Alloy 400 ipayipi, i-monel 400 ipayipi & nickel alloy 400 Pipe.

Amashubhu angenamthungo angama-600 angenamthungo we-Ex Enc N06600 ne-ASTM B167 yibo abakhiqizwayo ukuze bagxile ekucindezelweni okukhulu ngokweqile futhi beze newaranti enkulu.

Yize i-cymoically ifana ne-316 grade auntenitic insimbi engagqwali, i-317 alloy inokuqukethwe okuphezulu okuphezulu kwe-molybdenum ku-alloy yayo. Ngaphezulu kwe-3% molybdenum, izakhiwo zensimbi engenasici ezingama-317 ishidi neplate zithuthukiswa, zilenze zilungele ikakhulukazi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingeke zihlangane ne-316 alloy.

Incoloy 800ht Rtj Flanges incoloy 800 \ 800h \ 800ht Flanges anikezwe nge-nickel-chromium-iron alloys ehlose ukumelana nemikhakha enokhahlo. Ama-Flanges akhombisa ukumelana okuphakeme kokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwe-chloride ukuqhekeka nokugqwala kwe-crevice. Noma kunjalo, kukhombisa nokugqwala okuphezulu, ukuqhuma kwengcindezi nezici eziyizilonda. Ukushiswa kwalawa ma-flanges kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amasu ahlukahlukene anjengeMig, Tig nokuningi.

I-Stainless Steel 304 Fittings amapayipi enziwa nge-18 \ 8 Chromium Nickel Alloy Steel. I-SS 304 Elbow ine-chromium engu-18% ne-8% nickel ekwakhiweni kwayo. Lokhu kwenza ama-SS anx300 ama-S30400 Buttweld afanele ukuba aqine ngamandla wesivuno esincane sama-215mpa kanye namandla aphansi angu-505mpa. Inhlanganisela yenza insimbi engenasici ezingama-304 buttweld fipals ukumelana nokungamelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu akwazi ukufika kuma-degrees Celsius angama-889.

I-INTRR 36® iyinsimbi ye-nickel-i-iron, i-alloy ephansi ephansi equkethe ama-nickel angama-36%, i-invar 36 ine-coeffied ephansi yokunwebeka kusuka kumazinga okushisa angu-500 ° F (260 ° C).

Hastelloy c-22 (uns n06022) ukugoba kwamapayipi kanye nokufakwa esitokisini, okuvumela ukuguquguquka okusheshayo. I-Hastelloy C-22 inokumelana kahle ne-oxidizing aqualing maidia media kufaka phakathi i-chlorine emanzi nokuxubanisa okuqukethe ama-nitric acid noma ama-acidies ngama-chlorine ion.

Iyakwazi ukubekezelela uhla olubanzi lwamakhemikhali we-oxidizing kanye nama-non-oxidizing, futhi kukhombisa ukumelana okuvelele ekuhlaselweni okukhonkotha nokukhohlisa phambi kwama-chlorides namanye ama-halide.

I-Al6XN iyinsimbi e-superAustonitic engenacala ngokumelana okuvelele kokuphamba kwe-chloride, ukugqwala kwe-crevice kanye nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezelo. I-Al6xn ingu-Aloy ayi-6 olwenzelwe futhi asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinolaka kakhulu. Ine-nickel ephezulu (24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), i-nitrogen kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-chromium okunikeza ukumelana kahle nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwe-chloride, i-chloride ukumelana, kanye nokuphikiswa okujwayelekile kokugqwala. I-Al6xn isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo okuthuthukile kanye ne-crevice in clorides. Kuyinsimbi enobunzima futhi engakhathali.

Ama-Flango ensimbi ahlinzeka ngokufinyelela okulula kokuhlanza, ukuhlola noma ukuguqulwa. Imvamisa ziza ngezimo eziyindilinga kepha nazo zingafika ngezindlela zesikwele nezinxantathu. Ama-flanges ahlanganiswe komunye nomunye ngokubopha futhi ajoyine ohlelweni lwamapayipi ngokushiswa noma ethangothini futhi aklanyelwe izilinganiso ezithile zengcindezelo; I-150LB, 300LB, 400LB, 600LB, 900LB, 1500LB no-2500lb.

I-Monel K-500 (N05500) yenziwa ngesihloko esibandayo kanye nobuchwepheshe obushisayo bokuqala kumadayimane angamagama avela ku-1 \ 8¡ ± - 3¡ ±c M80). Kungaba kwi-USCS \ osayizi be-Imperial no-Metric.

I-grade 304 \ 304l Insimbi engenacala ine-chromium engu-18% ne-8% nickel. Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwabo okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni. Uhlobo 304 lunekhabhoni enkulu ye-0.07% .Type 304L inekhabhoni ephezulu ye-0.000%. Lolu hlu lwekhabhoni kwinsimbi luthinta ukumelana nokugqwala. I-304 \ 304l iyatholakala ephepheni, ishidi lekhoyili, ipuleti, ikhoyili yepuleti, ibha yokujikeleza, ibha yefulethi esetshenzisiwe nemikhiqizo ye-tubular ukuze usebenze.

I-SMO 254 Amapayipi angamelana nengcindezi emishini ephezulu kanye ne-alloy 254 SMO Pipe TRESHERE TRESHERE PRESHERE EMATHELO EZIQHAWULEKILE KANYE NEMIPHUMELA EBONAKALAYO.

I-Alloy 800 iyi-nickel-iron-chromium alloy enamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana okuhle ne-oxidation kanye nokugqwala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. I-ASTM B407 EX N08800 Incoloy 800 W. NR. 1.4876 Ipayipi eline-welded lisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwemishini edinga ukumelana nokuvutha, ukumelana nokushisa, amandla, nokuqina kwenkonzo kuze kube ngu-1500 ° F (816 ° C).

I-Incons 600 Round Bar iyi-alloy esekwe ku-nickel nge-benign carburulization kanye nokuphikiswa okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Imigoqo eyindilinga engama-600 eyindilinga iyasebenza ngokumelene nokomisa ama-CL2 namanye amagesi amaningi ahlukene emazingeni okushisa aphakeme aphezulu. I-Alloy 600 Bar iyi-nickel-chromium alloy ene-oxidation enhle nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwengcindezi yokuwohloka kwe-chloride, ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kokugqwayiza kwamanzi kanye ne-acid oxidation emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.

INilo Alloy 36, w.nr 1.3912, i-Invar 36® iyi-nickel-iron, i-alloy elawulwa okuphansi equkethe ama-nickel angama-36% futhi anezinga lokunwetshwa kwensimbi ecishe ibe yishumi lensimbi ye-carbon.

Inokuhlaselwa okuncane okuvela egumbini nasekushiseni okuphakanyisiwe kumagesi owomile, njenge-chlorine noma i-hydrogen chloride. Emazingeni okushisa aze afike ku-550c kule mithombo yezindaba, le alloy ikhonjiswe ukuthi ingenye ye-alloys ejwayelekile.

Ama-N083367 futhi abizwa futhi njengoba i-alroy al6xn iyikhabhoni ephansi, ubumsulwa obuphezulu, ubumsulwa be-nitrogen-auntenitic "ama-nickel-molybdenum alloy ane-chloride pittipt kanye ne-crevice corrision.

Ngenkathi ifana nohlobo 304 oluvame ukutholakala embonini yokudla, zombili izinhlobo ezingama-316 kanye nama-316l zibonisa ukumelana okungcono kokugqwala futhi zinamandla emazingeni okushisa aphakeme. Futhi akunakuba nzima ukwelashwa kokushisa, futhi kungakhiwa kalula futhi kwelulwe (kudonswe noma kudonswe emgodini ofayo noma omncane).

Ukunwetshwa okulungiselelwe i-iron-nickel-cobalt alloys, ama-kovar alloys, ube nokwanda okunezinwele okuqondile okufana nalokho kwengilazi enzima ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokushisa obuthile

I-ASTM A182 F51 FLACESES ibhekisa ama-flanges e-PIOP eyenziwe kusuka ku-Dumplex Druinless Insimbi Ibanga lensimbi EXS31803 ukuze lisetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zokucindezela.

I-ASTM A182 ALLOY SOBLEE FLANES ADLELWE NGEZOBUCHWEPHESHE BOKWENZA I-ASTM A182 ecacisiwe, emboza ingcindezi ephezulu kanye nezinsizakalo zokushisa eziphakeme ezimbozwe yi-ASME B16.5, B16.48 amazinga.

I-Nickel Alloy 400 no-Monel 400, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-UNS N04400, i-alloy esuselwa ku-nickel-copper eyakhiwe ngokuyinhloko i-nickel yesibili ne-lickel yesithathu neyodwa. I-Nickel Alloy 400 yaziwa ngokumelana kwayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezimo ezilimazayo, kufaka phakathi i-alkalis (noma ama-acid), amanzi anosawoti, i-hydrofluoric acid, ne-sulfuric acid. Njengoba i-monel 400 noma i-alloy 400 iyinsimbi ebandayo esetshenzisiwe, le alloy inobulukhuni obuphezulu, ukuqina namandla. Ngokusebenza okubandayo kwe-ASTM B164 ANS N04400 Bar stock, i-alloy ifakwa emazingeni aphezulu wengcindezi yemishini, yona ebangela izinguquko kwi-miscruccucture ye-alloy.

I-flange ingaba yipuleti lokumboza noma ukuvala ukuphela kwepayipi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-flange eyimpumputhe. Ngakho-ke, ama-flanges abhekwa njengezakhi zangaphakathi ezisetshenziselwa ukusekela izingxenye zemishini.

Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngokumelana okuthuthukiswe kakhulu ku-sulfuric acid. Futhi inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium, ukukhulisa ukumelana kwayo kumakhemikhali oxidizing kanye nemifudlana yenqubo engcoliswe ngama-forric ion kanye ne-oksijini encibilikisiwe.

I-Hastelloy B3 Pipe inokumelana kahle nokuqhekeka kokugqwayiza kwe-chloride okuyenziwa yi-chloride. Ukumelana okuhle kobubanzi obubanzi be-organic acid kwenza amapayipi we-hastelloy b2 umkhiqizo othandwayo.