Izinto eziphambili zokuqalisa yi-chromium ne-nickel, kepha i-nitrogen, i-molybden, ithusi, i-silicon ne-tungsten zingangezwa ukulawula ibhalansi yesakhiwo futhi zidlulisela izakhiwo ezithile zokulwa nokugqwala. Ukuphikiswa kokugqwala kwama-turex stainless steress kuyafana nalokho kwensimbi e-auntenitic engagqwali equkethe izinto ezifanayo ezesalisa.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ithola ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo okuphezulu kanye nokuphikiswa okuvela e-Aucen ku-alloy, kanye neWerkstoff No 1.4462 blrf Flange inamandla amakhulu nobulukhuni, bobabili okuyingxenye ye-Ferritic.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-auntenitic steress stainless, ama-duplex ama-stainless anokuqina okuphezulu futhi avune amandla kanye nokuphikiswa okuthuthukile kakhulu ku-chloride SCC (ukuxabana kokugqwayiza). Zibuye zibubonise ubunzima obuphakeme kune-Ferritic Steel engenasici.
Amandla okushisa aphezulu aphezulu esigaba sensimbi sensimbi flanges afana ne-alloy grade 430 ezinhlelweni zokushisa ezingama-950 kuya ku-1150¡Ãc. Kodwa-ke, amandla ashubile alawa ma-flanges akhuphuka ngokushesha ngaphansi kwe-900¡¡Ãc.
I-Duplex 2205 iyi-nitrogen ethuthukisiwe yensimbi engagqwali eyenzelwe ukuxazulula izinkinga ezijwayelekile zokugqwala ezihlangabezana nazo ngochungechunge olungu-300 olungenacala. "I-Duplex" ichaza umndeni wama-stainles ama-auntenitic angelona i-auntenitic (njengensimbi engama-304 engagqwali) noma i-Ferritic eyi-430
Isakhiwo sensimbi engu-2205 Dumplex Insimbi engenacala iqukethe ichibi le-Austonite elizungezwe isigaba esiqhubekayo se-Ferrite. Esimweni esivelele, u-2205 uqukethe cishe ama-40-50% Ferrite. I-2205 ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi ibanga le-workhorse futhi yibanga elisetshenziswa kakhulu emndenini wensimbi engagqwali.
Inzuzo yesakhiwo sesigaba esimbaxambili ukuthi ihlanganisa izinzuzo ze-Ferritic Alloys (ukumelana nokuqhekeka kokugqwayiza kanye namandla aphezulu) ngezinzuzo ze-AUSTENITIC ALLOYS (ukumelana nokugqwala nokugqwayiza). Ukushisa kwensiza kwensimbi engu-2205 Dumplex Insimbi Engagqwali kufanele kukhawulelwe ngaphansi kuka-600¡ãf. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumazinga okushisa aphezulu kungenza ama-brinkle ensimbi angama-2205.
Okokusetshenziswa okuningi lapho insimbi ye-300 yensimbi engenacala isengozini yokuqhekeka kokugqwayiza kwe-chloride ukuqhekeka, i-2205 Dumplex Steel engenacala yisixazululo esisebenzayo. Ukuqhekeka kokugqwayiza kwengcindezi kwenzeka lapho kufakwa insimbi engenacala ngaphansi kwengcindezi ye-tensaile ngenkathi ukuxhumana nezixazululo eziqukethe ama-chlorides. Amazinga okushisa aphakeme akhulisa futhi ukuthambekela kwensimbi engenasici ekuqhekekeni kwengcindezelo.
Inhlanganisela ye-chromium, i-molybdenum ne-nitrogen kunikeza ukumelana okuhle kwe-chloride nokugqwala kwe-crevice. Lokhu kumelana kubaluleke kakhulu kwizinsizakalo ezinjengezindawo zasolwandle, amanzi aqhekekile, imisebenzi yokubhula, izinhlelo ezivaliwe zamanzi e-loop kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokudla.
I-chromium ephezulu, okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum kanye ne-nitrogen ka-2205 kunikeza ukumelana okungcono kokugqwala kunezinsimbi ezijwayelekile ezingejwayelekile njenge-316l kanye nama-317l ezindaweni eziningi. Le alloy exotic isetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwamafutha kanye negesi futhi isetshenziswa embonini yokucubungula amakhemikhali.
Ukungezwa kwe-niobium, kanye ne-molybdenum, yenza lukhuni i-matrix ye-alloy futhi inikeze amandla aphezulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwelashwa okushisa okuqinisayo. Ezinye izindebe ezidumile ze-nickel-chromium ziseminyakeni eqinile yokwengeza i-aluminium ne-titanium. Le alloy lensimbi ye-nickel kulula ukuyikhiqiza futhi ingafakwa kwi-Welded in the Anneased noma yezulu (ubudala) isimo esiqinile. Le superlloy isetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezinjenge-aerospace, ukucubungula amakhemikhali, ubunjiniyela bamamanzini, imishini yokulawula ukungcoliswa kanye nokuphendula kwenukliya kanye nokuphendula kwenukliya.
I-Incoloy 800 Flanges (B564 N08810 Flanges Blind) ingasetshenziswa emishini yokwelashwa yokushisa, ukucubungula kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-petrochemical. Ama-Flanges angama-alloy 800 awawona ama-magnetic, amandla aphezulu kanye nokusheshisa okuhle.
Incoloy 8inColoy 800 H yi-Iron-Nickel-Chromium Alloy enokwakheka okufanayo okuyisisekelo njenge-Incoloy 800 enamandla amakhulu okuqhakambisa ama-creep. Amandla aphezulu aphumela ekulawuleni okuqinile kwekhabhoni, i-aluminium kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-titanium nokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu. Ukuguqulwa kwe-800h ukulawula i-carbon (0.05 kuya ku-0.10%) nosayizi wokusanhlamvu (> ASTM 5) ukwenza kahle izakhiwo ze-FRETE FLACTURE. I-Incoloy 800 H inokuguqulwa okwengeziwe kokuqukethwe okuhlangene kwe-titanium kanye ne-aluminium (0.85 kuya ku-1.2%) ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu okuphezulu. I-alloy iqinisekiswe kabili futhi ihlanganisa izakhiwo zazo zombili lezi zinhlobo.
I-Incons 718 iyi-superalloy esekelwe e-nickel elungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla aphezulu ebangeni lokushisa elivela ku-crygenic kuya ku-1400¡ãff. I-InComel 718 nayo inamandla amahle kakhulu we-Tensile nemphumela.
I-Incons 718 inokumelana kahle ne-oxidation kanye nokugqwala emazingeni okushisa ngaphakathi kohlu lwamandla olusebenzayo lwe-alloy esibhakabhakeni okuhlangane ne-Jet turbine.
I-Incons 718 iyi-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy eyenzelwe ukumelana nezimo ezahlukahlukene ezinzima ezilonakalisayo, ukugcwala okukhohlisayo kanye ne-crevice. Le alloy lensimbi ye-nickel ibuye ibuye iveze isivuno esikhulu kakhulu, izinyathelo ezisheshayo nezama-creep drupties kumazinga okushisa aphakeme.
Ukusetshenziswa kwaleli hlobo le-nickel alloy kusuka kuma-crygenics kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi eside ku-1200¡¡ãff. Enye yezinto ezihlukanisayo ze-Incontel 718 Ukwakheka kwe-niobium ukuvumela ukuqina kobudala, okuvumela ukuncibilikisa nokushiswa ngaphandle kokuqina okuzenzakalelayo ngesikhathi sokushisa nokupholisa.
I-ASTM B564 ama-N10276 FLnges anenani elincane leTungsten elingezwe ukusiza ukumelana nokukhula kwemingcele yokusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu. Ama-flases we-hastelloy C22 ama-flanges anokuphikiswa okungcono kokugqwala kunamanye amabanga amaningi futhi athuthukiswa ebangeni le-C276 Hastelloy. Bangamafayili abalulekile ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwabo okuhle nokumelana nokuphamba okubangelwa kwe-chloride.
Ama-Flanges angama-600 enziwe ngezinto zokwakha eziqukethe ikhabhoni, i-manganese, i-silicon, isibabule, ithusi, insimbi, i-nickel ne-chromium. Le yi-nickel-chromium alloy njengoba iqukethe okungenani ama-nickel angama-72% kanye ne-14% chromium.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene, ezinjenge-UNS N06600 Butt Weld Weld ezineziteko ezinama-welded, ezingasetshenziswa ukubamba ipayipi endaweni. Ama-Flanges we-Butt Weld avame kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamapayipi ezinqola ezikhudlwana.
I-nickel inezakhiwo ezinhle zokumelana nokushisa ngokwayo, kepha lapho igcwala ezinye izinto ithola ezinye izakhiwo, njenge-Informel Flanges. Ngenxa yokushaywa kwe-alldamall okuhle kanye namandla aphezulu aphezulu ngezimo eziningi zokushisa.
I-ASTM B564 EX N06600 Alloy isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zokumelana nokuqina. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-Alloy 600's High Izinto ezibonakalayo zinokumelana kahle nokuqhekeka kokugqwayiza kwe-chloride ukuqhekeka.
Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nickel ye-Alloy 600 kunikeza ukumelana okuhle kwezimo ezinciphisa ngokulinganayo. Okuqukethwe kwe-nickel kwe-alloy kwenza i-alloy imelana kakhulu ne-chloride ion ingcindezi yokugqwayiza ukuqhekeka. I-Alloy 600 iyi-alloy esetshenziswa kwizixazululo ze-magnesium chloride.
Ama-Flanges angama-neContel 601 enziwe nge-nichrome. Ibanga lezinto ezibonakalayo liyahlukahluka ngesilinganiso sokwakheka. Ukwakheka kweBanga 601 kungu-58% nickel, 21% i-chromium, ikhabhoni, i-manganese, i-silicon, isibabule, ithusi nensimbi.
I-Incons 625 inokuphikiswa okuphezulu nokuphikiswa yi-oxidation, amandla aphezulu nobunzima, kanye namandla okukhathala okuhle kakhulu. Le ncwadi esekelwe e-nickel esekelwe kamagnanathi inikezela ngobubanzi bokushisa obubanzi kakhulu - kusuka kuma-crygenics kuya ku-2 000¡Ãf (1,093¡Ãc).
Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala kwemidiya ehlukahlukene ye-corlosve. Alloy 625 is normally supplied in the annealed condition for wet corrosion applications and is T¨¹V certified for use in pressure vessels with a temperature range of -196¡ãC to 450¡ãC.
Ama-flanses angama-625 ama-flanges enziwe avela ku-nickel-chromium alloy amelana ne-nickel enokwakheka kwe-58% nickel kanye nama-20% chromium, kanye nekhabhoni, kanye ne-silfon, ithusi nensimbi.
Ama-flases we-hastelloy C276 angenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-flange emndenini we-haslolloy. Lawa ma-Flanges enzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngama-alloys asemsebenzini aphezulu, ama-Alloy C276 Flanges anokumelana kahle negesi emanzi, chlorine dioxide solutions kanye ne-hypochlorite.
Bobabili uNickel 200 noNickel 201 bahlanzekile kwezentengiselwano, okusho ukuthi i-nickel iyinsimbi yabo eyisisekelo, enza ama-99.6% we-alloy ephelele. Ngomakhemikhali, umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-nickel 200 no-201 yilokho i-nickel 201 kunguhlobo oluphansi lwekhabhoni ngokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okulinganiselwa ku-0.02 ye-alloy ephelele. Qhathanisa ne-nickel 200, lapho okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kucishe kube ngu-0,15 ubuningi be-alloy ephelele.
I-ASTM B564 EX N06022 Flange ine-design density ye-8.69G \ cm3. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni zezemithi, zokudla kwangaphandle kwasogwini, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukucubungula igesi yemvelo, amakhemikhali nezinye izimboni
