253A S31805 Stud Stud Bolt Dinc933 931

Chitsito chopanda maziko cha 316 chakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa gawo la mafakitale. Chitsulo ichi ndi chrome chimadziwika kuti ndikukana kwake kuvunda, komanso kukhazikika kwake. 316 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatha kupangidwa muzosaso komanso machubu owuma kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera za kasitomala.

Zitsulo zopangira zimapereka mwayi woyenera kuyeretsa, kuyeserera kapena kusintha. Nthawi zambiri amabwera motsatana koma amathanso kubwera m'magulu osiyanasiyana komanso amakona. Ma flanges amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake pobowola komanso wolumikizidwa ndi makina opukusa ndi kuwotcherera kapena kuluma ndipo amapangidwira kusokonekera kwamphamvu; 150lb, 300lb, 400lb, 600LB, 900LB, 1500LB ndi 2500Lb.

A789 S31803 ndi S32205 ndi zitsulo ziwiri zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa a duplex s31803 osakhala opanda chidwi amadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiri kuwonongeka, mphamvu zazikulu, komanso kutopa kwambiri. A789 ndi lingaliro lomwe limakwirira osawoneka bwino komanso machubu opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

FSTEOLLOY C2000 ikupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amtunduwu, mtundu uwu wa chromium-molybdenum aroyoy amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kukana.

Kulima nkhope, nkhope yathyathyathya ndi mitundu yolumikizana ndi mitundu ya ma flanges oyambira 150 mpaka 2500.

Kuwala kumatha kukhala mbale yophimba kapena kutseka kumapeto kwa chitoliro. Izi zimatchedwa Flange ya wakhungu. Chifukwa chake, zojambulazo zimawonedwa ngati zigawo zamkati zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira makina.

Lembani "chitoliro chosawoneka
Astm B564 Nickel Anoy Lovwated Malawi Malawi 200 Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.

Alloy 800 ndi a nickeum-chromiam almoy mphamvu ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana kwa oxidation ndi kutupa kwambiri. ASTM B407 SINE N08800 infoloy 800 WR. 1.4876 Chitoliro chowala bwino chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga zida zofuna kukana kuchuluka, kukana kutentha, mphamvu, komanso kukhazikika pakuchita nawo ntchito mpaka 1500 ° C).

Mapaipi athu achitsulo osawoneka bwino (IRI) amapangidwa ndi alloy chitsulo chokhala ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri. Izi zidapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi mafuta okhudzana ndi mafuta ndi gasi ndikubowola ndipo motero ali okhudzidwa ndi kupsinjika kwa makina. Kuphatikiza apo, matope achitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito munyumba, akatswiri kapena mafakitale.

Nthawi zambiri N08367 imatchedwanso Al6xn Al6xn ndi kaboni yotsika, yoyera kwambiri, nulytel-molybdenum yolimbana ndi crevice.

Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake owonda, ra 253 masamu poyerekeza ndi owongolera ambiri. Madzi osapanga dzimbiri 253 ma othamanga ali ndi magawo ofanana monga S30815, Standar Sts 253 Mad ndi Werkstoff nr. ndi 1.4835. Makina omwe ali ndi malire omwe ali ndi malire ochepera 2%, mphamvu yake yovuta kwambiri ya 87,000, malo ake akuchepetsa 50%, ndipo zodetsa zake zimabweretsa mphamvu ya 45,000.

304 Nphwemba zopondapondazikulu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu wamba komanso zodziwika bwino muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri zamakampani zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi oxidation. Nyansiweli iyi ya S30400 imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera ndi njira, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola komanso odalirika.

Zonse mwa zonse, ngati mukufuna kutsutsana kopambana komanso ntchito yanu ili ndi madzi, kenako zitsulo zake ndizofunika. Ngati sichoncho, zitsulo 304 zitha kutsimikizira zosowa zanu bwino.

Gulu lopanga dzimbiri 317l ndi mtundu wotsika wa kaboni ka 317, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 317 \ /

Zimawonetsa kukana bwino kusalowerera ndale. Izi za alloy zimapanga mwa khumi ndi chimodzi, filimu yoteteza yomwe siyitalikirapo, koma imasunganso kukana kwa makutina kuposa kutentha.

Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

S31254 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimagwedeza en 1.4547 kalasi 150 mpaka 2500
Intelsel Ocknuts amadziwika chifukwa chololera zawo zolimba ndi kukula kolondola. Illevesel 625 inlon ndi sunraloy yochokera ku Nickeloy yokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ndi kutentha kwambiri kukana.
\ / 5 kutengera

Nilo Anoy 36, w.NR 1.3912, Inciar 36 ® ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel ndipo ali ndi gawo la kufalikira kwa gawo limodzi la chitsulo cha kaboni pafupifupi.

ASTM AQ06 ndizofanana ndi asme sah. Imakwirira kukula kwa NPS 1 \ / 8 [DN 6] Ku NPS 48 [DN 128] Ndi makulidwe a Nominal 48.10.10m.

Incrooy 800h Valnge Tili ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Piphi yopanda pake idasowa izi zolakwa zomwe zidadziwika ndipo zimawoneka ngati zotetezeka. Ngakhale zili choncho kuti chitoliro chodzaza ndi msozi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofooka kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera kumathandizira kuti chitoliro cha wened chizikhala chikutha.

Mitundu yotsika ya kaboni yopanda dzimbiri 304 ya hex imachepetsa ma chromium carrip ya mpweya kuchokera kuunika ndi chiwopsezo cha kuphatikizika kwa chimbudzi. Mafuta 304 ndi ma bolts amapezeka ndi mphamvu yocheperako mpaka 510MPA yocheperako ndi 40% yayitali ndi kuuma kwakukulu kwa chaka cha 201hb. Ma boelts achitsulo ndi mphamvu zazikuluzikulu zikuluzikulu ndipo ndi malo abwino ogulitsa. Mphamvu zapamwamba zimachokera ku kapangidwe kake ka kaboni, manganese, silicon, phosphorous, sulufule, chromium, nickel ndi nayitrogeni.

Nickel Anoy 400 ndi Monl 400, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi N04400 Nictal-Copy-Copy-Copy kukhala makamaka mwa atatu a Nickel ndi chachitatu. Nickel Anoy 400 amadziwika chifukwa chokana kusiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza alkalis (kapena asidi), madzi amchere, ma hydrofluoric acid. Kuyambira monoy 400 kapena Aloy 400 ndi chitsulo chozizira chogwira ntchito, chivomerezichi chimakhala cholimba, kuuma ndi mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito yozizira astm B164 SARD N04400 bar stock, alloy imayang'aniridwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, komwe kumapangitsa kusintha kwa micrestructuctuctution ya Alloy.

S327660 ilinso ndi mphamvu zazikulu komanso zauzimu. Ili ndi 10% yopepuka kuposa chitsulo 316, chabwino pakugwiritsa ntchito sur-zero, komanso mtengo wokwera kwambiri kuposa ma entows. Gulu la chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri la F55 limatha kupangidwa mosavuta ndikuwombedwa.
Zhengzhou Huitong Mapaipel Counc CO., LTD.

316l 1.4401 s31603 Chipika chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira yolimba komanso yolimba yofananira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosiyanasiyana za mafakitale ndi malonda. Izi s31603 chitoliro chimapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zapamwamba za 316l osapanga dzimbiri mosapanga dzimbiri mosapanga chipongwe, oxidation ndi chomata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'malo mwazinthu zovuta kapena zovuta.

Chitoliro chachitsulo & chubu
Zovala zachitsulo zachitsulo
Nickel kutengera 800 inclooy chitoliro chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi kukana bwino kuwonongeka. Makamaka kuyankhula, chisumbulu 800 chitoliro chimapereka kukana mokwanira zotsutsana ndi ma carburization onse komanso oxidation kutukula.
https: \ / \ / www.htpipe.com \ / consuelpipe

Intelsel 601 ili ndi kukana bwino kupsinjika. Chifukwa cha ulamuliro wa kaboni ndi kukula kwa tirigu, 601 ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri, motero tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito 601 m'munda pamwamba 500 ¡¡z.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304 ndi austetic. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chitoliro chopanda dzimbiri 304 chachitsulo chopanda chopanda chopanda kanthu chomwe chili ngati mawonekedwe ake ngati mawonekedwe awo. Austete amatchedwanso chitsulo cha gamati, chomwe chimapangitsa kusapanga zitsulo za 304 kusapanga dzimbiri zosapanga magnetic.

Kuchulukitsa kwa titanium ndi pafupifupi 60% yomwe ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi nickel polosys, kupulumutsa thupi kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito monga Arrospace.

Nickel. Zolemba zolemera zam'manja za Intersel zomwe zimapangitsa ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za maginito a mavalowa. Nickel yangwiro ndi maginito, ngakhale kutentha kwa firiji, koma amaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu monga chromium ndi kaboni ndi kaboni potengera ma spaceal.

Zipangizo: ASME A312 TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP327, TP317, TP327, TP327, TP327, TP327, TP327, TP317, TP327, TP327, TP327, TP317, S3125, S3125, No8926

Pa kutentha kumeneku, chitsulo chowirikiza chimadutsa madigiri 300 Celsius akutetezedwabe kuti avale chifukwa cha kututa. Kuthekera kwabwino ndikokwezeka kwambiri pamatenthedwe ochepa. Zojambula zimachitika kokha ndi zida zoperekedwa kwa zida zopanda kapangidwe. Ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino musanagwiritse ntchito. Izi zimachitika kuteteza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuchokera ku zodetsa za chitsulo.

Monil K500 imasunga bwino kwambiri kuwonongedwa kwa 400 ndipo wachulukitsa mphamvu ndi kuuma pambuyo polimbana ndi mpweya poyerekeza ndi 400.

S31008 SS ID TS yolumikizidwa imagwira ntchito mwachizolowezi pazomera. Ma SS 310 ma SS ali ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndi Chromium-Nickel-Nickel Preting Asser Kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha ndi makuti.

310 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri. Kutentha kukapitilira 800 [1], kumayamba kufewetsa, ndipo kupsinjika kovomerezeka kumayamba kuchepa mosalekeza. Kutentha kwambiri kogwiritsira ntchito ndi 1200 ¡®c. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nickel (ni) ndi chromium (cr), kutsutsana ndi oxidation, ogundana, asidi ndi alkali kukana. Pambuyo pa zomwe zili, mphamvu zimayenda bwino chifukwa cha njira yake yolimbikitsira yolimbikitsa. Mankhwala opanga mankhwala a austetitic osapanga dzimbiri amachokera ku chromium ndi ma nickel okhala ndi zinthu monga Molybdenum, tungsten, Niobium ndi Tiobium wowonjezera. Chifukwa chake, ili ndi mphamvu zazikulu komanso zolimba kutentha kwambiri.

304 Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndiye chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zitsulo zimakhala ndi zonse ziwiri zachitsulo (pakati pa 18% ndi 20%) ndi nickel (pakati pa 8% ndi 10,5%). Ndi chitsulo chosakhazikitsa dzimbiri. SS304 imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mitsempha, mawilo amayenda bwino.

Tee kwa zodzikongoletsera za chitoliro, zolumikizira zitoma. Amatchedwanso Zaumba za Pipe Tee kapena Toe Courttings, Tee Lounts, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chitoliro chachikulu kwa chitoliro cha nthambi.

Nickel 200 Amalongosola Nickel 200 Malawi amakhala olimba, osasunthika, ndipo amaliza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.

Magalasi okhazikika - omwe adayikapo sayansi-nickel-cobalt matobala, Kovar Smows, ali ndi mzere wowonjezera wowonjezera wofanana ndi galasi lolimba mkati mwa kutentha kwina

Zizindikiro za Nickel-Copy-Copy 400 monol 2.4360 molunjika rod ndiyabwino kwambiri opsinjika ku chloride ku chloride movutikira mukakumana ndi zowononga m'matumbo. Monl 400 ndi a Haloy ndi Nickel omwe amadziwika masiku ano chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayitali. Alloy ali ndi kukana bwino acid ndi alkali. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zokhala ndi mphamvu, duckity, kukhala waulimi wabwino kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuumitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poizona ndi kutentha kuyambira kuchotsera mpaka 538 digiri Celsius.
www.htsteelpipe.com
Mixembaurgish
S31600 chitoliro
Chitoliro chowala
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Nickel alloy pipe & chubu
Kupanga Rame B36.10 ASME B36.31
316 lvm capillary chitoliro
Mphete ya PR.70n
S32750 Super Duplex Coil Chech Scannger 1.4410 1.4501 Coil
Chiwonetsero cha fakitale ya A106 mapaipi

Ictives 600 yozungulira ndi intoy-valkel-brad-cenel carburrization ndi kukana bwino kuwonongedwa kwakukulu. Zingwe zozungulira 600 zozungulira zimagwira ntchito kuyanika cl2 ndi mipweya ina yambiri yofananira ndi kutentha kwambiri. Alloy 600 bar ndi a chromial-cromiyal-cromiyal-cromiyal-chloride bwino oxidation ndi kukana ku chloride kuwonongeka kwa chloride kugwa, ukhondo wamadzi acid kumatentha.

Zinthuzo zili ndi kukana kwakukulu komanso kukana kutukuza. Zolemba molybdenum zimayambitsa kutsutsana ndi kukana chitolirochi. ASMM A335 P22 Chipika ndichoyenera kutentha kwambiri. Kutha kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri kumachokera ku zosakaniza. Kuphatikizidwa kwa ASM A335 P22 P22 P22 Mapatoni otchedwa kaboni, manganese, phosphorous, sulfur, silicon, chromium ndi molybdenum.

Invalsel 718 ndi alloy-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu apamwamba monga Aweslospace ndi majini agalu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga a Ism B670 Invelve 718 ndiye kuti mbale yogubuduza. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mbale za Intery18 zomwe zilipo pamsika: kuwotcha mbale zowombera.

310, 310s ndi 310hh maluwa osapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za kutentha kwambiri. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza pa kutentha mpaka 2,100¡f. Kalasi iyi ili ndi 25% chromium ndi 20% nickel, ndikupangitsa kuti azitha kugonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi oxidation ndi kututa.

Imatha kupirira mankhwala osiyanasiyana osakhazikika komanso osasinthasintha, ndikuwonetsa kukana kwakukulu ndikumenya ndi Crevice pamaso pa chlorides ndi ma halides ena.

Illevesel 600 siali-Magnetic, ali ndi mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri, kuphatikiza mphamvu zambiri, komanso zosavuta kudodometsa, ndipo ndikosavuta kutchereka. Alloy 600 amawonetsa kuzizira kwa zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi zitsulo za chromium-nickel zosapanga dzimbiri.

Astm Asme Sb 166 Inoy Intersel 600 Round Bar Serwin N06600 Bar Nickel Anoy Bar

Sch40 Monol 400 chitoliro chimasankhidwa kukhala nambala ya Werkstoff 2.4360 ndi N04400. Chipika 400 chimadziwikanso kuti Monil Anoy chitoliro cha 400, Monl 400 Pipe & Nickel Chitoliro 400.

Asme B36.19M ndiye wofanana ndendende ndi mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimafotokoza kukula kwake, kulolerana, ndi zomwe amapanga maenda owala komanso osaka.

Ma suptux zitsulo zimadziwika ndi chromium (19¨C28%) ndi molybdenum (mpaka 5%) ndi zotsekereza zosapanga dzimbiri. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi 2205 (22% chromium, 5% Nickel) ndi 2507 (25% chromium, 7% Nickel); 2507 imadziwika kuti ¡° duplex¡ ± chifukwa cha kukana kwake kwakukulu.

Pokhala ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa cha kukana bwino kwambiri, graider iyi yovomerezedwa ndi makhosi a screw itaphatikizidwa ndi dongosolo kudzera mu dongosolo lolozera khosi. Dera lowonera limatha kuwunikiridwa mosavuta ndi radiography. Chitoliro chofanana ndi kuchepetsa chipwirikiti kumachepetsa mtima mkati mwa mapaipi. Flanger ndibwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zanu komanso ndi yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mpweya, madzi, mafuta, mpweya wachilengedwe, ndi nthunzi.

Zinthu zomwe ma duplex zimakhala ndi zojambula za austetic ndi zopangidwa mu metalgy ya nkhaniyi. Izi zimabweretsa zothandizira bwino kwambiri komanso mitundu ya chitsulo. Mapaipi amatha kutentha kapena kuzizira. Omwe adafuula otentha ndi amphamvu ndipo ozizira ozizira ndi osawoneka bwino komanso olondola. Chipika chopanda chisa chopanda chisamaliro chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofunsira molondola.

Lembani 304 imalimba pang'ono kuposa 302 chifukwa cha zomwe zili pansi. Mtundu 304 umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito potchera potchera ma carbon amalola kuwonetsedwa mu 800¡f - 1500¡f popanda kufunika kochita opaleshoni.

Incluoy 800 ma bolts ndi incloy 800ht ma bolts amatha kuphatikizidwa mosavuta ndikuwunikidwa kudzera mu kapangidwe kake ka shopu. Komabe, chifukwa cha kulimba kwambiri kwa olosera, amafunikira zida zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zopanda madzi. Pakadali pano, malingaliro okwanira 800 ali ndi chitsulo, nickel ndi chromel alloy okonza. Ili ndi kukana kwabwino kwa oxidation ndi kuchama kucha. Amakhalabe okhazikika kwambiri potentha kwambiri ndikusunga mawonekedwe awo a Austetic.

Izi zimathandizira kuthana ndi sulufuric acid. Ilinso ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri, kuti apititsenso kukana kwake kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitsinje yolimba ndi mpweya wosungunuka.

ASMM A312 TP316 ndi njira yokhazikika ya msoko, komanso kuzizira kwambiri osakhazikika opaleshoni ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi ntchito wamba. Chitoliro chosawoneka bwino mafakitale chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chromium, nickel, ndi molybdenum, omwe amapereka SS Quams Stuam Turnion ku kutukula ndi dzimbiri.

HT ASTM A403 WP317L-S 6 "Sch40s Asme B16.9 Kutentha No.77329

Chromium yapamwamba, molybdenum ndi nayitrogeni imapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri (zomwe zingachitike) zitsulo zokongoletsera ndi zotupa zosapanga dzimbiri, komanso kutentha kotsika kwambiri kuposa 50¡c.

Mapaipi 254 amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa makina opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso aloy 254 osuma amagwira ntchito yopanikizika kwambiri komanso malo okhala.

ASTM A240 Mtundu 2205 Plate ndi duwa losapanga dzimbiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, kufufuza kwamafuta ndi mafuta, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi. Mapepala 2205 amapangidwa kuchokera ku kalasi ya SAGIS 2205, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimaphatikizika ndi chitsulo champhamvu.

ASME A A106 osagwedezeka (omwe amadziwikanso kuti asme saingle) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga mafuta, ma bonga, pomwe mapaipi, omwe amatengera kutentha kwambiri ndi kutentha.

310 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri. Kutentha kukapitilira 800 [1], kumayamba kufewetsa, ndipo kupsinjika kovomerezeka kumayamba kuchepa mosalekeza. Kutentha kwambiri kogwiritsira ntchito ndi 1200 ¡®c. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nickel (ni) ndi chromium (cr), kutsutsana ndi oxidation, ogundana, asidi ndi alkali kukana. Pambuyo pa zomwe zili, mphamvu zimayenda bwino chifukwa cha njira yake yolimbikitsira yolimbikitsa. Mankhwala opanga mankhwala a austetitic osapanga dzimbiri amachokera ku chromium ndi ma nickel okhala ndi zinthu monga Molybdenum, tungsten, Niobium ndi Tiobium wowonjezera. Chifukwa chake, ili ndi mphamvu zazikulu komanso zolimba kutentha kwambiri.