Chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri & chubu

Mapaipi 254 amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa makina opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso aloy 254 osuma amagwira ntchito yopanikizika kwambiri komanso malo okhala.

Chivomerezo ichi ndi chifukwa chosiyanasiyana cha SS 304 \ / 304L \ / mapaipi ndi machubu. Zina mwazinthu zomwe ziphuphu ndi machubu omwe akuwonongeka ndikukana kuwononga, maubwino abwino, owuma, okhazikika kutentha kwambiri komanso kulimba mtima.

Pali kaboni yambiri mu 316 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuposa 316l. Izi ndizosavuta kukumbukira chifukwa amayi amayimira "otsika". Koma ngakhale ndi zokhudzana ndi kaboni, 316L ndizofanana ndi 316 m'njira zonse. Ndalama ndizofanana kwambiri, ndipo zonse ziwiri zimakhala zolimba, zowononga, ndi chisankho chabwino kwa zovuta kwambiri.

Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

254SMo ess Counce Curferos Osutaidics Austeticos akungula. El 316l o Freafeente Bella Statido a picaduras, theresisn en grietAes o agrietas o prososion baloriro. En La Nuva Engertura, SE HO ennontrado a Andes Cases Aduccuada y deor deos deos deos y tianio.

304 Palinso 8-10.5% Nickel (NI). Ikuwonjezeredwa kuti apange mtundu wa austetete kukhala wokhazikika firiji. Nickel amasinthanso kutentha kwa oxidation kukana, kupangitsa kuti zitheke zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kusokonekera. Komwe chitsulo chizikhala chotambasulidwa, peresenti yotsika (8%) ya nickel iyenera kusankhidwa. Ma peresenti apamwamba ndi abwino (9% kapena kupitilira) ngati chitsulo chizikhala cholimba.

304,3004L Austetentic Chitsulo chopanda dzimbiri ndichikulu ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Amawonetsa kukana kwabwino kwambiri m'matumbo osiyanasiyana. Lembani 304 ndi 304l osapanga dzimbiri zamasamba ma graces amawonetsa makina abwino komanso okonda kwambiri kapena popanda zowonjezera pazitsulo.
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Nickel alloy mbale & ma sheets & coils
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Al-6xn Tube Asme Sb 676 SIM SI08367 BUT
Kupanga Rame B36.10 ASME B36.55

Owoneka bwino (Ba) amapangidwa ndi kuchiritsa kutentha (kuwongolera) chitsulo ndi ng'anjo yoyendetsedwa ndi mlengalenga. Pambuyo pa kutentha, chitsulo chimawoneka ngati chowoneka bwino, kalasi monga kupanda ubowo, komansonso kukhala ndi kupanda ungwiro komanso kufooka. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimatha kupukutidwa kuti zitheke, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafotokozedwa kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito malo owoneka bwino.
316l 1.4401 s31603 Chipika chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira yolimba komanso yolimba yofananira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosiyanasiyana za mafakitale ndi malonda. Izi s31603 chitoliro chimapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zapamwamba za 316l osapanga dzimbiri mosapanga dzimbiri mosapanga chipongwe, oxidation ndi chomata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'malo mwazinthu zovuta kapena zovuta.

Kuchizira kutentha sikukhudza chitoliro chochepa cha 254 chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe amatha kuumitsidwa kudzera pakuchepetsa kutentha. Machubu 254 ORW ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu ndi chiwongolero pazinthu zozungulira ndi zotentha.
Mitundu 304 \ / 304l ndi zofunika
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Piripenti yachitsulo yopanda kapangidwe ka 316 Pip A312 mapaipi
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils

Chifukwa chake, anyezi a Ast A312 TP 304 Chitoma chosawoneka bwino ndi njira yotchuka pamisonkhano yosiyanasiyana ya mafakitale, zomera zamankhwala, zowonjezera za mafuta.

Mapulogalamu achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri ndi chinthu chosankha chonyamula madzi otchinga kapena udzi, ma slorries ndi mipweya yambiri, kutentha kwambiri kapena matupi obiriwira omwe akukhudzidwa. Chifukwa cha zokongoletsa za chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitoliro nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga.
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Nickel alloy mbale & ma sheets & coils
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Al-6xn Tube Asme Sb 676 SIM SI08367 BUT
Kupanga Rame B36.10 ASME B36.35

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mitundu yonse ya zida zapadera, mbiya, zipolopolo ndi zina zotero. Mapaipi amtunduwu agawika: Mapaipi opanda chitsulo osapanga zitsulo ndi utoto wosakhazikika. Malinga ndi kupanga popanga kungagawike kutsatira mitundu yoyamba: yodzigudubuzika, yopitilira muyeso, yozizira yozungulira, yofananira, yozungulira, chitoliro china chachitsulo chapadera.
Mitundu 304 \ / 304l ndi zofunika
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Piripenti yachitsulo yopanda kapangidwe ka 316 Pip A312 mapaipi
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils

304 \ / 304L sichingawumitsidwe ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Kuchita bwino kumawonjezera nyonga ndi kuuma. Mitundu yophunzitsa ili pakati pa 1850¡ã ndi 2050¡f. Ozizira mwachangu. Madzi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zigawo zolemera; mpweya wowala. Mitundu Yothandizira Yomverali ndi pakati pa 400¡Ã00 7.5f.
ASMM A269 TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316, TP317L, TP3427, S3125, NS3626
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Nickel alloy mbale & ma sheets & coils
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Al-6xn Tube Asme Sb 676 SIM SI08367 BUT
Kupanga que b36.10 asme B36.20

Zovuta za mafupa osawoneka bwino ndikuti kusungulumwa kumatulutsa khoma losagwirizana poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa masamba okhazikika omwe adalowetsedwa.
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Nickel alloy mbale & ma sheets & coils
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Al-6xn Tube Asme Sb 676 SIM SI08367 BUT
Pangani Kupanga B36.10 ASME B36.38

Izi zowongolera zili ndi mapangidwe abwino kwambiri komanso zowonetsera. Kupatula apo, ndiosavuta kuyeretsa ndi kupanga nsanje. Chitsamba chosapanga dzimbiri chidapangidwa ndi mphamvu mpaka 250,000 psi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani azakudya, mayendedwe amadzimadzi ndi mpweya.
Chitoliro cha 304l chitoto chopanda dzimbiri - Zhengzhou Huitong Mapaipi
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Nickel alloy mbale & ma sheets & coils
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Al-6xn Tube Asme Sb 676 SIM SI08367 BUT
KOR8367 SUMFY SUBE AL6XN WOPHUNZITSIRA

Pali mazana a magawano osiyanasiyana amsika. Iliyonse mwa kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake kapangidwe kameneka kakutsutsana ndi kutukuka komwe kumaposa chitsulo wamba. Kukhalapo kwa mapangidwe a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumayambitsa chisokonezo - makamaka pamene chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala chofanana ndi dzina ndi formula. Umu ndi momwe zilili ndi zitsulo za 304 ndi 304l.
Mitundu 304 \ / 304l ndi zofunika
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Kukula "OD: 1 \ / 2" "~ 48" "
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils

Giredi 304 ndi chitsulo champhamvu chowoneka bwino komanso kupanga katundu. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbirizi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale a petulo komanso zakudya zomwe zimakuvutitsani komanso mphamvu yakuchepa komanso kuthekera kupirira kutentha kwambiri. Kutengera kalasi yapaderayi, pamakhala kunyalanyaza pakati pakukana kuwononga ndi mitembo ya kutentha.
Mitundu 304 \ / 304l ndi zofunika
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Kukula "OD: 1 \ / 2" "~ 48" "
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi imodzi mwazinthu zotchuka komanso zosinthana. Chitoliro chosawoneka bwino chosaphika chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito kumene kutentha kwambiri kumalimbitsa mphamvu ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri kuwongolera ndikofunikira.

Mtundu wa 316 wosapanga dzimbiri umakhala ndi masamba apamwamba kuposa 304 osapanga osapanga, kuphatikizapo molybdenum, madzi otupa, madzi, mafuta, ndi mipweya yambiri. 304 Pinda imalumikiza ndi zolimbitsa thupi kuti zitheke mpweya, madzi, gasi wachilengedwe, nthunzi, ndi mankhwala osungira, ndi kukhitchini.
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Nickel alloy mbale & ma sheets & coils
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Al-6xn Tube Asme Sb 676 SIM SI08367 BUT
KOR8367 SUMFY SUBE AL6XN WOPHUNZITSIRA

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zili kuchuluka kwa kasanu ka 25 kuposa mkuwa ndipo imagwira bwino kwambiri pamayeso a zovuta komanso kupsinjika. Dongosolo lofooka la mkuwa limapangitsa kuti matumba ake akhale osatetezeka ku mphamvu zakunja zomwe zingayambitse ming'alu ndi kutayikira.

SS 304 chitsulo chachitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi. Komabe, chivomererocho chimapangidwa ndi chromium ndi nickel, chomwe chimapereka mapaipi ndi machubu okhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza pa izi, SS 304l ili ndi zomwe zili pansi maboni kuposa 304 chitsulo chachitsulo. Umu ndi momwe zimayenderana polimbana ndi kututa kwamkati mwa mawonekedwe. Momwemonso, SS 304h ndi gawo loyatsira kutentha kwambiri pamapulogalamu, ndi kutentha kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri.
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Nickel alloy mbale & ma sheets & coils
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Al-6xn Tube Asme Sb 676 SIM SI08367 BUT
KOR8367 SUMFY SUBE AL6XN WOPHUNZITSIRA

ASMM A213 TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP327, TP3427, TP3425, TP3425, S3125, S3126, NO8904
Mitundu 304 \ / 304l ndi zofunika
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Piripenti yachitsulo yopanda kapangidwe ka 316 Pip A312 mapaipi
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils

316 Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala ndi mankhwala omwewo ndi 304, komanso imakhala ndi Molybdenum. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zigwirizane ndi kutukuka. Monga 304, mawonekedwe 316 safuna kutumiza. 316l osapanga dzimbiri ali ofanana ndi 316. Kusiyana kokhako ndi kaboni. Zomwe zili pansi ma carbon zomwe zilimo 316l zimapangitsa kuti muthe kutsutsana bwino kuposa 316. 316L simafuna kutumiza positi.
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Nickel alloy mbale & ma sheets & coils
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Al-6xn Tube Asme Sb 676 SIM SI08367 BUT
Kupanga que b36.10 asme B36.19

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo chomwe chimalimbana ndi dzimbiri. Ili ndi 11% chromium ndipo imatha kukhala ndi zinthu monga kaboni, zina zosakhala ndi zitsulo zina kuti mupeze zomwe akufuna. Kutsutsa kopanda dzimbiri kuti chiwonongeke kumabweretsa chifukwa cha chromium, omwe amapanga kanema wongokhala womwe umatha kuteteza nkhaniyo ndikuchira pamaso pa mpweya.
Mitundu 304 \ / 304l ndi zofunika
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Kukula "OD: 1 \ / 2" "~ 48" "
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils

La Alecion 317l kulumikizana ndi zofanana ndi la 36l y 304l y s e es ulecance de acero suticoneb austenico con moribdeeno, a Cromo yiquitien.

ASMM A312 TP316 ndi njira yokhazikika ya msoko, komanso kuzizira kwambiri osakhazikika opaleshoni ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi ntchito wamba. Chitoliro chosawoneka bwino mafakitale chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chromium, nickel, ndi molybdenum, omwe amapereka SS Quams Stuam Turnion ku kutukula ndi dzimbiri.
Mitundu 304 \ / 304l ndi zofunika
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Piripenti yachitsulo yopanda kapangidwe ka 316 Pip A312 mapaipi
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils

Chitsito chopanda maziko cha 316 chakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa gawo la mafakitale. Chitsulo ichi ndi chrome chimadziwika kuti ndikukana kwake kuvunda, komanso kukhazikika kwake. 316 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatha kupangidwa muzosaso komanso machubu owuma kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera za kasitomala.
Mitundu 304 \ / 304l ndi zofunika
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Kukula "OD: 1 \ / 2" "~ 48" "
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils

Mtundu wa 304l ndi mtundu wotsika wa kaboni wa 304, umagwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu zolemera za kuthwa bwino. Zogulitsa zina, monga mabatani ndi machubu, zimapezeka kuti "zinthu ziwiri zotsimikizika" ku 254 ndi 304l miyezo. 304h ndi mitundu yayitali ya kaboni yomwe ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pamatenthedwe okwera.
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Nickel alloy mbale & ma sheets & coils
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Al-6xn Tube Asme Sb 676 SIM SI08367 BUT
Kupanga Rame B36.10 ASME B36.59

Tube SS316 S30400 S30403 S31600 S31603 S31635 S3170 S3170 S31703 Chip31703 Chitoliro

Mababu osapanga dzimbiri 304 amapezeka ngati osawoneka bwino kapena owala. Mapaipi amatha kukokedwa ngati machubu opanda nsapato kuchokera ku billet imodzi kapena yoyikiridwa kuchokera ku strip kapena pepala. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zowonera monga kukana kuwotzera mapaipi ang'onoang'ono ndi electrofodetion yolongedza mapaipi akuluakulu kwambiri.
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Nickel alloy mbale & ma sheets & coils
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Al-6xn Tube Asme Sb 676 SIM SI08367 BUT
Chitsulo chosapanga chosaphika chotchingira mitengo yosanja

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 304 ndizosavuta kugwira ntchito molimbika. Njira Zopangira Zogwirira Ntchito Zozizira zitha kufunsa gawo lapakatikati kuti muchepetse ntchito ndikupewa kung'amba kapena kuwonongeka. Izi zikakwanira, opaleshoni yolimba imayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchepetse kupsinjika mkati ndikukhazikitsa kukana kuwonongeka.
Mitundu 304 \ / 304l ndi zofunika
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Piripenti yachitsulo yopanda kapangidwe ka 316 Pip A312 mapaipi
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils

Mitundu ya 304 \ / 304l ndi "Chrome-Chrome-nicke-nicke-nicke-nicmel chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Mitundu 304 \ / 304l ndi zofunika
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Kukula "OD: 1 \ / 2" "~ 48" "
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils

Kuuluka kwa tubeni kumapangitsa kutalika kwa chubu komwe kungatheke popanda kufunikira kolumikizana. Izi zimachepetsa nthawi yokhazikitsa ndi ndalama komanso zimachotsa njira zopumira. Timakhala ndi mitengo yosawoneka bwino komanso yoweta kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za petrochemical, shartiction gasi (cng), geothermal, ndi miyeso yodutsa. Kuuluka kwa tuber kumatha kuperekedwa kwa nthawi yayitali yomwe imatambasulira mailosi, kapena m'magawo othamanga pang'ono kutalika ngati mapazi makumi asanu.
Mitundu 304 \ / 304l ndi zofunika
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Piripenti yachitsulo yopanda kapangidwe ka 316 Pip A312 mapaipi
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils

Nthawi zambiri N08367 imatchedwanso Al6xn Al6xn ndi kaboni yotsika, yoyera kwambiri, nulytel-molybdenum yolimbana ndi crevice.
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Nickel alloy mbale & ma sheets & coils
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Al-6xn Tube Asme Sb 676 SIM SI08367 BUT
304L chipika, S3040 chitoliro, chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda dzimbiri

Zitsulo Zosasunthika Zakuthupi A312 TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP327, TP317
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Chubu chosowa
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Chipamba chosapanga dzimbiri 316 s31600 od5mm
Nickel alloy mbale & ma sheets & coils
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Al-6xn Tube Asme Sb 676 SIM SI08367 BUT
KOR8367 SUMFY SUBE AL6XN WOPHUNZITSIRA

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri. Chromium yapamwamba ndi Nickel Phatikizani chitsulo chosakanikirako komanso mphamvu kwambiri pa kutentha kwambiri. Gawoli lilinso ndi maulendo ambiri, ndipo ali ndi malo abwino omwe amathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito kofala m'njira zambiri