Nickel 200 ma flanges

Zitsulo zopangira zimapereka mwayi woyenera kuyeretsa, kuyeserera kapena kusintha. Nthawi zambiri amabwera motsatana koma amathanso kubwera m'magulu osiyanasiyana komanso amakona. Ma flanges amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake pobowola komanso wolumikizidwa ndi makina opukusa ndi kuwotcherera kapena kuluma ndipo amapangidwira kusokonekera kwamphamvu; 150lb, 300lb, 400lb, 600LB, 900LB, 1500LB ndi 2500Lb.

Kuwala kumatha kukhala mbale yophimba kapena kutseka kumapeto kwa chitoliro. Izi zimatchedwa Flange ya wakhungu. Chifukwa chake, zojambulazo zimawonedwa ngati zigawo zamkati zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira makina.

Ndife akatswiri amitundu yonse ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, mitundu yonse ya ma balts ndi mtedza, ngati mukuyang'ana zomata zosapanga dzimbiri kapena zomata kapena masinde a chitsulo chabe, muli pamalo oyenera. Timapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Hex Bolts ndi zomangira zazitsulo za tebulo zomwe zimakhala zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri.

Ma coil 625 amadziwika ndi kukana kwake kwabwino kwa oxidation, kutentha kwambiri komanso kutopa. ASTM B443 SANDO N06625 SIVELEILE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu anthospace, mankhwala kutengera ndi mafuta ndi mafakitale chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.

Nickel kutengera 800 inclooy chitoliro chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi kukana bwino kuwonongeka. Makamaka kuyankhula, chisumbulu 800 chitoliro chimapereka kukana mokwanira zotsutsana ndi ma carburization onse komanso oxidation kutukula.

Alloy 800 ndi a nickeum-chromiam almoy mphamvu ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana kwa oxidation ndi kutupa kwambiri. ASTM B407 SINE N08800 infoloy 800 WR. 1.4876 Chitoliro chowala bwino chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga zida zofuna kukana kuchuluka, kukana kutentha, mphamvu, komanso kukhazikika pakuchita nawo ntchito mpaka 1500 ° C).

316 Zoyenera zimaphimba muyezo wopanga zitsulo zosakhazikika pazinthu zokakamira. Zinthu za zoukira chitoliro zidzaphatikizanso ku East, mipiringidzo kapena mbale yopanda nsapato kapena yosalala.

Monl 400 (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti iloy 400) ndi njira yokongola kwa mafakitale pomwe kukana kwa mafakitale ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Ictives 600 yozungulira ndi intoy-valkel-brad-cenel carburrization ndi kukana bwino kuwonongedwa kwakukulu. Zingwe zozungulira 600 zozungulira zimagwira ntchito kuyanika cl2 ndi mipweya ina yambiri yofananira ndi kutentha kwambiri. Alloy 600 bar ndi a chromial-cromiyal-cromiyal-cromiyal-chloride bwino oxidation ndi kukana ku chloride kuwonongeka kwa chloride kugwa, ukhondo wamadzi acid kumatentha.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Prososion Fretelloy kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mafakitale a mankhwala. Kufunika koyenera kumabweretsa mwayi wovomerezeka ndi mphamvu zawo, thanzi komanso zachilengedwe, mafuta ndi mpweya, mafakitale a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Mapaipi 254 amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa makina opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso aloy 254 osuma amagwira ntchito yopanikizika kwambiri komanso malo okhala.

FOSTELOLOY C2000 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuphatikizapo mafakitale a petrochemical, makonzedwe a mankhwala opanga mafuta, zophika zamafuta ndi zomera.

Nickel Anoy 400 ndi Monl 400, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi N04400 Nictal-Copy-Copy-Copy kukhala makamaka mwa atatu a Nickel ndi chachitatu. Nickel Anoy 400 amadziwika chifukwa chokana kusiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza alkalis (kapena asidi), madzi amchere, ma hydrofluoric acid. Kuyambira monoy 400 kapena Aloy 400 ndi chitsulo chozizira chogwira ntchito, chivomerezichi chimakhala cholimba, kuuma ndi mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito yozizira astm B164 SARD N04400 bar stock, alloy imayang'aniridwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, komwe kumapangitsa kusintha kwa micrestructuctuctution ya Alloy.

Ictives 718 ndi superaloy yayitali kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafuta ndi mpweya, Petrochemical ndi mafuta a Turbine. Ili ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri, kuwonjezera pa kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri.

Monl 400 ndi a chitsulo cha Nickel (pafupifupi 67% NI ¨C 23% cuations) Duckisity wabwino ndi matenthedwe abwino ogwiritsira ntchito mapulogalamu am'madzi am'madzi.

S32750 Pii Super Puplex chitoliro
Nickel Anoy Fronges
2205 idapangidwa kuti ipange makina abwino. Kuwongolera kapangidwe kake ndi kuphatikizika kwa mtundu wina kumathandizira chip ndikuchepetsa kuvala kwa chida, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso ndalama zotsika.
Illevesel Pipe Natioxidant Kukana

Mitengo ya 825 yozungulira ili yofanana ndi iloy 800 bar, koma ili ndi kukana kwamadzi bwino. Scoloy 825 Yozungulira ili ndi kukana kwa oxidizing komanso kuchepetsa ma acid, kupsinjika kuwononga, ndikuletsa kuchuluka kokhazikika ngati chipongwe ndi kupindika. Aloy 825 amagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi phosphoroc ndi sulfuric acid.

Zizindikiro za Nickel-Copy-Copy 400 monol 2.4360 molunjika rod ndiyabwino kwambiri opsinjika ku chloride ku chloride movutikira mukakumana ndi zowononga m'matumbo. Monl 400 ndi a Haloy ndi Nickel omwe amadziwika masiku ano chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayitali. Alloy ali ndi kukana bwino acid ndi alkali. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zokhala ndi mphamvu, duckity, kukhala waulimi wabwino kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuumitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poizona ndi kutentha kuyambira kuchotsera mpaka 538 digiri Celsius.

Duptux Steal & ndodo
ASTM A240 Mtundu 2205 Plate ndi duwa losapanga dzimbiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, kufufuza kwamafuta ndi mafuta, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi. Mapepala 2205 amapangidwa kuchokera ku kalasi ya SAGIS 2205, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimaphatikizika ndi chitsulo champhamvu.

304 Zoyenera kukumana ndi miyezo yamphamvu 304 ndi 304l ultra-kaboni. Zoyenera ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani ambiri osiyanasiyana kuti alumikizane, kuthetsa, kuwongolera kutuluka ndikusintha njira ya mapaipi.
Tuberias de acero sutibled duplex 254smo S31254

Zimawonetsa kukana bwino kusalowerera ndale. Izi za alloy zimapanga mwa khumi ndi chimodzi, filimu yoteteza yomwe siyitalikirapo, koma imasunganso kukana kwa makutina kuposa kutentha.

S31803 ndiye njira yolumikizirana yolumikizidwa (yopanda tanthauzo) ya chitsulo choyambirira. Dongosolo la Unili lidapangidwa ndi magulu ambiri amalonda m'ma 1970 kuti muchepetse chisokonezo pomwe alloyo yemwe yemweyo adatchedwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, komanso mosemphanitsa. Chitsulo chilichonse chimayimiridwa ndi kalata yotsatiridwa ndi manambala asanu, pomwe kalatayo ikuyimira zitsulo, i.I. s ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Zowongolera ngati monol 400 ma flanges amachita bwino m'maiko akumadzi chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake. Zolemba zamkuwa zili pakati pa 28% ndi 34% ndipo imadziwika kuti ndi superaloy chifukwa chokana chifukwa cha kukana kwake.

Invalsel 718 ndi alloy-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu apamwamba monga Aweslospace ndi majini agalu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga a Ism B670 Invelve 718 ndiye kuti mbale yogubuduza. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mbale za Intery18 zomwe zilipo pamsika: kuwotcha mbale zowombera.

Iswees osawoneka bwino kwambiri a sing'anga osawoneka N06600 ndi Astm B167 ndi omwe amapangidwa kuti apirire kwambiri ndikubwera ndi chitsimikizo chachikulu.

Monl 400 Socc TLARD Ma frons ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso kukana kwenikweni kumadera. Masamba a nickel 400 akhungu pamapaipi kapena mapaipi sagwirizana ndi madzi am'madzi ndi nthunzi pamatenthedwe kwambiri.

Imatha kupirira mankhwala osiyanasiyana osakhazikika komanso osasinthasintha, ndikuwonetsa kukana kwakukulu ndikumenya ndi Crevice pamaso pa chlorides ndi ma halides ena.

Mayina Ogulitsa: Nickel Anoy 36, Inter 36®, Nilo 6®, Pernifar 6 ®
Magalasi okhazikika - omwe adayikapo sayansi-nickel-cobalt matobala, Kovar Smows, ali ndi mzere wowonjezera wowonjezera wofanana ndi galasi lolimba mkati mwa kutentha kwina
KOR8367 SUMFY SUBE AL6XN WOPHUNZITSIRA

Illevel 718 ndi mpweya wokhazikika wa nickel wolimba wa Nayoy adapangira mphamvu zambiri, mphamvu yakuwoneka bwino ndikugwedezeka pamtambo mpaka kutentha mpaka 13005ºC). Alloy uyu ali ndi chivule chabwino kwambiri.

Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Pali mazana a magawano osiyanasiyana amsika. Iliyonse mwa kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake kapangidwe kameneka kakutsutsana ndi kutukuka komwe kumaposa chitsulo wamba. Kukhalapo kwa mapangidwe a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumayambitsa chisokonezo - makamaka pamene chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala chofanana ndi dzina ndi formula. Umu ndi momwe zilili ndi zitsulo za 304 ndi 304l.

304 Nphwemba zopondapondazikulu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu wamba komanso zodziwika bwino muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri zamakampani zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi oxidation. Nyansiweli iyi ya S30400 imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera ndi njira, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola komanso odalirika.

254 slu es mucho Mass Querte Querte Querte Austetiticos Cuwanes, Pero Tambiet Inter Unalta Ductiidad Y Imesfo. La Tubiria Sounta 254 A Metudo se Dennona Greedo "6 de Forteno, a Clactor Lalsictecia en corticiones osasunthika.
A789 S31803 ndi S32205 ndi zitsulo ziwiri zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa a duplex s31803 osakhala opanda chidwi amadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiri kuwonongeka, mphamvu zazikulu, komanso kutopa kwambiri. A789 ndi lingaliro lomwe limakwirira osawoneka bwino komanso machubu opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Bolt ndi a Nickel-Stomium Inoy ndi mphamvu yabwino komanso kukana kwa oxidation ndi carburization mu kutentha kwambiri madera. Intelsel 800ht Hexs ndi mphamvu yayikulu yolimba yankho la Ni-Fe-Fe-FROY omwe ali ndi magawo a C, Al, TI ndi mg ndi mg. Ma boti a Intelsel 800ht olemera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosiyanasiyana zomwe zikukhudzana ndi malo okhalamo ndi madzi ambiri, monga kutentha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha, zomera za nyukiliya ndi mphamvu zamapepala ndi mapepala.

Alloy 718 ndi gawo lokhazikika la Nickel-lopangidwa kuti liziwonetsa zokolola zambiri, tuensile ndi zopota zopota za kubangula mpaka 1300 ° F.
Chitoliro chachitsulo & chubu
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Duptux chubu
S31803 chitoliro
s31803 chitoliro champhamvu
Kusindikiza mating ndi magalasi olimba
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimayamwa Sa182 Flange F304L Flange RF
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
DZIKO LAPANSI B16.9 S31803 Pursecer Tees

ASMM A312 TP316 ndi njira yokhazikika ya msoko, komanso kuzizira kwambiri osakhazikika opaleshoni ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi ntchito wamba. Chitoliro chosawoneka bwino mafakitale chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chromium, nickel, ndi molybdenum, omwe amapereka SS Quams Stuam Turnion ku kutukula ndi dzimbiri.

825 Nickel Alloy amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, magetsi ogwiritsa ntchito nyukiliya, ma petroleum ndi kutaya zinyalala.

Chromium yapamwamba, molybdenum ndi nayitrogeni imapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri (zomwe zingachitike) zitsulo zokongoletsera ndi zotupa zosapanga dzimbiri, komanso kutentha kotsika kwambiri kuposa 50¡c.

Kuchulukitsa kwa titanium ndi pafupifupi 60% yomwe ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi nickel polosys, kupulumutsa thupi kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito monga Arrospace.

FSTEOLLOY C2000 ikupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amtunduwu, mtundu uwu wa chromium-molybdenum aroyoy amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kukana.

Chitoliro chachitsulo cholumikizira chimatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika chifukwa chofuna kuchita bwino komanso kuchuluka kwambiri.

Al-6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa ndi 6% ya sipapati ya superraustetitic alloy omwe amapereka zokambirana za cloride, msuzi wambiri, zosintha zamasewera, ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zophatikizika zomwe zimayambitsa chilengedwe.

Asme B36.19M ndiye wofanana ndendende ndi mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimafotokoza kukula kwake, kulolerana, ndi zomwe amapanga maenda owala komanso osaka.

Nthawi zambiri N08367 imatchedwanso Al6xn Al6xn ndi kaboni yotsika, yoyera kwambiri, nulytel-molybdenum yolimbana ndi crevice.

Nickel 200 Amalongosola Nickel 200 Malawi amakhala olimba, osasunthika, ndipo amaliza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.

254 slu es mucho Mass Querte Querte Querte Austetiticos Cuwanes, Pero Tambiet Inter Unalta Ductiidad Y Imesfo. La Tubiria Sounta 254 A Metudo se Dennona Greedo "6 de Forteno, a Clactor Lalsictecia en corticiones osasunthika.
A789 S31803 ndi S32205 ndi zitsulo ziwiri zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa a duplex s31803 osakhala opanda chidwi amadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiri kuwonongeka, mphamvu zazikulu, komanso kutopa kwambiri. A789 ndi lingaliro lomwe limakwirira osawoneka bwino komanso machubu opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Bolt ndi a Nickel-Stomium Inoy ndi mphamvu yabwino komanso kukana kwa oxidation ndi carburization mu kutentha kwambiri madera. Intelsel 800ht Hexs ndi mphamvu yayikulu yolimba yankho la Ni-Fe-Fe-FROY omwe ali ndi magawo a C, Al, TI ndi mg ndi mg. Ma boti a Intelsel 800ht olemera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosiyanasiyana zomwe zikukhudzana ndi malo okhalamo ndi madzi ambiri, monga kutentha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha, zomera za nyukiliya ndi mphamvu zamapepala ndi mapepala.

Sch40 Monol 400 chitoliro chimasankhidwa kukhala nambala ya Werkstoff 2.4360 ndi N04400. Chipika 400 chimadziwikanso kuti Monil Anoy chitoliro cha 400, Monl 400 Pipe & Nickel Chitoliro 400.

Kwa mapulogalamu ogwiritsa ntchito pepala amafuna magiredi a Anoy omwe alibe zokwanira kuwonongeka. Kutengera ndi zikhalidwe 22%, ali ndi austetitic: microptuction microstructuctunce yomwe imapereka mphamvu zazikulu, kukana ndi kuchuluka kwa mtengo wake.

Timapanga ndi kupereka masheya a bar, opangidwa ndi ozizira ozizira 2205 mtedza. Titha kupanga ndi kupereka mtedza 2205 mtedza m'machimo ochokera ku M2 mpaka M150 ndi 1 \ / 4 "mpaka 6". Mtedza wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mtedza wolemera wa hex, mtedza wonyezimira, mtedza wa cap, ndi mtedza, etc. Titha kupereka mtedzawu 2205 wokhala ndi nthawi yotsogola.

Kutentha kwamadzi kumakula chifukwa amagwira ntchito molingana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Pomwe a789 Bible amatha kugwira yekha kutentha kwambiri, osavomerezeka kuti agwiritse ntchito kutentha pamwamba 600F. Duptux 2205 chubu amatha kukhala opanda phokoso ndikuwola pamatenthedwe apamwamba 600F.

Timakhala ndi mndandanda waukulu kwambiri wa monol k500 chitoliro chimakongoletsa kukula kwake, mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe ake komanso makulidwe malinga ndi makasitomala athu. Ndi malo opangira malonda a Monl K500 ndi katundu wabwino komanso kukana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Izi, Moniel K500 K500 K500 Ortiot flange, zopangidwa mokoka, K500 Monul Wokondedwa zimapangidwanso monga momwe makasitomala amafunira.

Zitsulo zamtunduwu zimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino kwa ntchito zamakampani. Komanso ndi cholimba, komanso umboni wa dzimbiri. Kupatula pakuyamba kuwononga, osapanga chitsulo 304 ali ndi gawo lalikulu komanso lolowerera.

FSTEOLLOY C22 Othekera ndi gawo lalikulu lopangidwa ndi chromium, nickel, molybdenum ndi ma bulu. Mapangidwe awa amapangidwa kuti azikwera popewa, kupsinjika kwa mafupa (SSC) ndi Crevice kuturuka. Alloy C-22 ali ndi vuto labwino kwambiri pamalamulo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo othandizira ndi Cloric, mayankho otentha (acetic ndi madzi am'madzi ndi brine. C-22 Inoy imaletsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa malire a tirigu kumapazi owotcha kutentha kwa malo ophatikizidwa motero chifukwa cha mankhwala ambiri mumikhalidwe.

Mapaso opanda pake ndi Astm A312 tp316 tde316 tdedied paipi

Izi zimathandizira kuthana ndi sulufuric acid. Ilinso ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri, kuti apititsenso kukana kwake kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitsinje yolimba ndi mpweya wosungunuka.

Incluloy althoy amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati dzina la prefix kupita ku matenthedwe angapo okhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kumalimbitsa zitsulo pazitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zapadera. Ma Slows a Nickel ndiwopambana kwambiri pakusintha kwa kutentha mu mankhwala ndi mafakitale a nyukiliya. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Stery Jeneret Tchuluki yamphamvu yamagetsi ya nyukiliya, yotentha kwambiri pa ndege, ndipo mu madzi otentha, komanso mapulogalamu ophatikizika - komanso kutentha kapena kutentha

Chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri 304 chitoliro cha chitoliro chokhazikika ngati njira yolimba ya carbide

The S31803 (ASTM F51) imathamangitsidwa kwambiri ndi S32205 (1.4462, Astm F60). Izi zikuwonetsa chikhumbo chawo chokulitsa zachilengedwe za Aloy Kuphatikiza apo, zimalola kukopa gawo la nayitrogeni osati kungokhala ngati chinthu choyambira. Therefore, the highest performing duplex grades seek to maximize the content of chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and nitrogen (N).

Monl 400 chitoliro cha mafelemu a magalasi magalasi
Zokhala ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304 cha kukana kosankhidwa kwambiri, graider iyi kuvomerezedwa ndi makhosi a screck itha kuphatikizidwa ndi kachitidwe ka musidi wodula khosi. Dera lowonera limatha kuwunikiridwa mosavuta ndi radiography. Chitoliro chofanana ndi kuchepetsa chipwirikiti kumachepetsa mtima mkati mwa mapaipi. Flanger ndibwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zanu komanso ndi yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mpweya, madzi, mafuta, mpweya wachilengedwe, ndi nthunzi.

Inter 36 ® ndi chitsulo-chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel, IMPARS 36 ili ndi zochulukirapo pakukula kwa kutentha kwa a Crogenic pafupifupi + 260 ° C).

Duplex ndi chitsulo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi micrestructunce microstructunce yopanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo chosasunthika.

Ntchito zachitsulo zowoneka bwino komanso zopindika zam'mawa zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha kaboni. Miyezo yodziwika bwino imakhala ndi Astme A694, Astme A105N (Sa105N), MS SP-44, DE 2533.