Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils

Ndizodziwika bwino kuti F22 \ \ / C276 Oyendetsa bwino ali ndi vuto lalikulu, kulimba, mphamvu zapamwamba, mphamvu yayikulu, mphamvu zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, othamanga sagwirizana kuti azivala kutentha kwambiri komanso malo okhalamo. Zina mwazomwe zimachitika zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza ndikuthana ndi maxidives media, kuchepetsa media, chloride malo, ndi malo a sulufur. Sangagwirizane ndi mankhwala monga Nitric Acid, chlorine, sulufule, acefuc acid, orcel, avosiros, etcphorus, etc.

304 Nphwemba zopondapondazikulu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu wamba komanso zodziwika bwino muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri zamakampani zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi oxidation. Nyansiweli iyi ya S30400 imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera ndi njira, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola komanso odalirika.

Imatha kupirira mankhwala osiyanasiyana osakhazikika komanso osasinthasintha, ndikuwonetsa kukana kwakukulu ndikumenya ndi Crevice pamaso pa chlorides ndi ma halides ena.

Izi zimathandizira kuthana ndi sulufuric acid. Ilinso ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri, kuti apititsenso kukana kwake kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitsinje yolimba ndi mpweya wosungunuka.

TUBE yopanda banga yopanda chitseko imakumana ndi ASMM A269 ndi Astme A511 Deviins Standatins. Chubu chopanda nsalu chopanda chopanda kanthu chimapereka mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana kwa mphamvu pakugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ankhanza ngati otentha kapena ozizira. Timapereka mautumiki owonjezera monga chubu kudula ndi chubu kupukutira kukwaniritsa zomwe mwapeza. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zosawoneka zitsulo zosawoneka zopanda pake

Montel K500 yolumikizidwa imatsindika (yopanda N05500) igonjetsedwa ndi wowawasa malo owawa. Mo MontL K500 Purses pamanja nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakampani yamakampani: monga mu njira zokhudzana ndi madontho okhazikika, sod soda youma ndi chlorine ya chlorinated chlorinated.

316l 1.4401 s31603 Chipika chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira yolimba komanso yolimba yofananira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosiyanasiyana za mafakitale ndi malonda. Izi s31603 chitoliro chimapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zapamwamba za 316l osapanga dzimbiri mosapanga dzimbiri mosapanga chipongwe, oxidation ndi chomata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'malo mwazinthu zovuta kapena zovuta.

Chitoliro chopanda chisa chopangidwa ndi nkhokwe ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwononga kwambiri khoma kumapangidwa ndi zotamanda. Kuyesedwa kwa vortox kumawonetsa kuti chiwopsezo cha zitoliro za sewn chimakhala chotsika kuposa chopanda chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Alloy 800 ndi a nickeum-chromiam almoy mphamvu ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana kwa oxidation ndi kutupa kwambiri. ASTM B407 SINE N08800 infoloy 800 WR. 1.4876 Chitoliro chowala bwino chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga zida zofuna kukana kuchuluka, kukana kutentha, mphamvu, komanso kukhazikika pakuchita nawo ntchito mpaka 1500 ° C).

Nickel 200 Amalongosola Nickel 200 Malawi amakhala olimba, osasunthika, ndipo amaliza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.

Joyteloy ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza zachitsulo za nickel zomwe zapangitsa kuti zitheke kukana. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chowonjezera ku Molybdenum ndi chromium.it amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mapaipi ndi mavunda mu mafakitale a mankhwala ndi mafuta. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu riyakisi mu mafakitale ndi nyukiliya.

Zimawonetsa kukana bwino kusalowerera ndale. Izi za alloy zimapanga mwa khumi ndi chimodzi, filimu yoteteza yomwe siyitalikirapo, koma imasunganso kukana kwa makutina kuposa kutentha.
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Chingwe chimakhala chachiwiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana pambuyo potalika. Ma flanges amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolumikizira zolumikizira. Imapereka kusinthasintha kukonza. Flange imalumikiza chitoliro ndi zida ndi mavuvu osiyanasiyana. Kuledzera kumawonjezeredwa mu dongosolo lapaipi ngati kukonza pafupipafupi komwe kumafunikira pa ntchito yobzala.

Sch40 Monol 400 chitoliro chimasankhidwa kukhala nambala ya Werkstoff 2.4360 ndi N04400. Chipika 400 chimadziwikanso kuti Monil Anoy chitoliro cha 400, Monl 400 Pipe & Nickel Chitoliro 400.

Lembani "chitoliro chosawoneka
Ili pafupifupi chimodzimodzi ndi ai 4130 chrome-molybdenum alloy, koma ndi zomwe zidalipo kaboni pang'ono. Poyerekeza ndi Astyi \ / assoy 4130 alloy 4140 4140 chitsulo chimakhala ndi zinthu zapamwamba za kaboni, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu zapamwamba komanso kutentha kumatha.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304 ndi mndandanda wa T 300 osapanga chitsulo chosapanga chitsulo chosapanga chitsulo. Ili ndi osachepera 18% chromium ndi 8% nickel, kuphatikiza ndi ma 0,08%. Amadziwika kuti ndi chromium-nickel austetic aloy.304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso zida zogwirizira, zingwe 3], ziwiya, ndi zozizwitsa. 304 Chitsulo chopanda dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu zomangamanga kuti kunja kwa maboti olima monga madzi ndi mawonekedwe amoto. Komanso ndi zinthu wamba zodziwika bwino kwa ovota.

Invalsel 718 ndi alloy-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu apamwamba monga Aweslospace ndi majini agalu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga a Ism B670 Invelve 718 ndiye kuti mbale yogubuduza. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mbale za Intery18 zomwe zilipo pamsika: kuwotcha mbale zowombera.

Cholumikizira chopondera chimapangidwa ndi zitatu zolekanitsidwa komanso kudziyimira pawokha ngakhale zigawo zikuluzikulu; Makoma, ma gaskets, ndi oboola; omwe amasonkhana ndi zikopa zina, zoyenera. Zowongolera zapadera zimafunikira pakusankha ndikugwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi cholumikizira, zomwe zili ndi zotayira zotayirira.

Zopanga zosapanga dzimbiri zopanga 316L 1.4401 s31603 chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga chitsulo
Kuchulukitsa kwa titanium ndi pafupifupi 60% yomwe ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi nickel polosys, kupulumutsa thupi kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito monga Arrospace.
Kutalika: Malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna. "

Chitoliro chachitsulo & chubu
chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri
ASTM A182 Gawo F2 ndi chitsulo cha alloy chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zoyambirira kukhala zopangidwa. Zojambula zomwe zatchulidwazi zikugwiranso ntchito. F2 ndi underm ya Astm pazinthuzo. K12122 ndi nambala yosagwirizana.
SS304 SS304 316 Mapeto

FOSTELOLELOY B3 Studies ndioyenera mapulogalamu onse omwe kale adafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito fortelloy B2 Aloy. Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwa mafuta a hanttelloy B3 Square Bolts, mavuto omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zopangidwa ndi zigawo za F2 amachepetsedwa.

ASME A213 TP304 Mapaipi opanda phokoso amapangidwa m'malo osawoneka bwino kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo ovuta kwambiri, kalasi yopanga dzimbiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.

Nilo Anoy 36, w.NR 1.3912, Inciar 36 ® ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel ndipo ali ndi gawo la kufalikira kwa gawo limodzi la chitsulo cha kaboni pafupifupi.

Zizindikiro za Nickel-Copy-Copy 400 monol 2.4360 molunjika rod ndiyabwino kwambiri opsinjika ku chloride ku chloride movutikira mukakumana ndi zowononga m'matumbo. Monl 400 ndi a Haloy ndi Nickel omwe amadziwika masiku ano chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayitali. Alloy ali ndi kukana bwino acid ndi alkali. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zokhala ndi mphamvu, duckity, kukhala waulimi wabwino kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuumitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poizona ndi kutentha kuyambira kuchotsera mpaka 538 digiri Celsius.

Carbon steel yopangidwa ndi ma cartings ndizofala komanso zofala kwambiri m'mafakitale, malo oyimilirawo ndi Astme A105 ndi A350 LF2 \ / lf3.

Mapaipi achitsulo osawoneka bwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapaipi amadzimadzi, masitepe, opanga magetsi, magetsi, zojambula zamagetsi, zamagetsi, chitetezo cham'madzi. P91 chitsulo cha alloy chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamakampani amphamvu. Zojambula zowoneka bwino, asme boiler komanso kukakamira kwa sitimayo kumachepetsa zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi ma carbon mpaka ochepera 0,35%. Zitsulo za Alloy ndizabwino pakugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafunikira mphamvu zapamwamba, zolimba kapena zobvala bwino kukana kuposa ma crivate steel.

Mapaipi a kusokonekera kosasaka kumakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi katundu wapamwamba kwambiri komanso mphamvu zambiri.

A403 w304 wp304 w3bown amatha kulumikizidwa mosavuta, yokazinga ndi yoyenereratu mikhalidwe yolimba.

Aloy 800 wedy wedy timakhala ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

A789 S31803 ndi S32205 ndi zitsulo ziwiri zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa a duplex s31803 osakhala opanda chidwi amadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiri kuwonongeka, mphamvu zazikulu, komanso kutopa kwambiri. A789 ndi lingaliro lomwe limakwirira osawoneka bwino komanso machubu opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

304L Pipa ali ndi maxidation oxidation mu gawo litakhazikika mpaka 870¡c ndi ntchito yopitilira 925¡c. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza pofika 425-860¡c kriti yovomerezeka. Pankhaniyi, 304l tikulimbikitsidwa chifukwa chakukana kutengera mpweya. Komwe mphamvu yayikulu imafunikira kutentha pamwamba pa 500¡c mpaka 800¡cãc, kalasi 304h tikulimbikitsidwa. Izi sizingalimbane ndi kutukudwa kwamadzi.

Monint K500 imapondaponda nyonga yayikulu imapondaponda ndi kukana kofanana ku Monl 400

FSTEOLLOY C2000 ikupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amtunduwu, mtundu uwu wa chromium-molybdenum aroyoy amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kukana.

Ma coil 625 amadziwika ndi kukana kwake kwabwino kwa oxidation, kutentha kwambiri komanso kutopa. ASTM B443 SANDO N06625 SIVELEILE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu anthospace, mankhwala kutengera ndi mafuta ndi mafakitale chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.

Ma Bols 600 a Spanstel amathanso kupangidwa mosavuta, amapangidwa ndikuwombedwa. Mphamvu yocheperako ya othamanga imatha kufikira 82mm, ndipo wochepera mphamvu amatha kufikira 620PA. Olimba mtima kwambiri amagwira ntchito mokweza.

Nickel kutengera 800 inclooy chitoliro chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi kukana bwino kuwonongeka. Makamaka kuyankhula, chisumbulu 800 chitoliro chimapereka kukana mokwanira zotsutsana ndi ma carburization onse komanso oxidation kutukula.

Mng'anjo yopangidwa ndi chitsulo ichi zikadakhala zabwino atagwira ntchito maola 8700 pa 2150 de. F. Ng'ota ya Deceace, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira katundu wolemera, adawonetsedwa ndi kutentha mpaka 2300 de. F. mu mlengalenga woxidizi popanda kuwerama kapena kuwononga.

FOSTELOLOY C2000 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuphatikizapo mafakitale a petrochemical, makonzedwe a mankhwala opanga mafuta, zophika zamafuta ndi zomera.

Pazogwiritsa ntchito komwe chubu chopanda chopanga chosapanga chopukutira kapena kupukutira kuyenera kulumikizana ndi chakudya ndi zinthu zina zokhuza, ukhondo ndi zofunika kwambiri. Kupukutira kopanda nsalu chosapanga dzimbiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito izi chifukwa kumakhala ndi kukana kwakukulu, samalani, ndipo ndikosavuta kukhala oyera.

Popeza zida zinazo ndizochepera 1% ya kapangidwe kake, izi zimatchedwa shale stemes.carbon steels astm A105 Kuwala kumapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha fodya kapena zinthu zofatsa. Mapangidwe a zinthuzi amatha kukhala ndi kaboni, manganese, phosphorous, sulufule ndi chitsulo mu kapangidwe kake.

Mapaipi 254 amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa makina opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso aloy 254 osuma amagwira ntchito yopanikizika kwambiri komanso malo okhala.

Iswees osawoneka bwino kwambiri a sing'anga osawoneka N06600 ndi Astm B167 ndi omwe amapangidwa kuti apirire kwambiri ndikubwera ndi chitsimikizo chachikulu.

Incloy 800 imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pantchito mpaka 1100¡f, pomwe 800h ndi 800ht nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe zowonongeka zimafunikira pamwambapa 1100¡f. Kuwongolera kwamankhwala kumalola chitsulo cha nickel chiwonetsero chowonetsera bwino kukana, maxichiving ndi nitrings.

Piphi yopanda pake idasowa izi zolakwa zomwe zidadziwika ndipo zimawoneka ngati zotetezeka. Ngakhale zili choncho kuti chitoliro chodzaza ndi msozi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofooka kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera kumathandizira kuti chitoliro cha wened chizikhala chikutha.
Incrooy 800h Valnge Tili ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.
Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Piphi yopanda pake idasowa izi zolakwa zomwe zidadziwika ndipo zimawoneka ngati zotetezeka. Ngakhale zili choncho kuti chitoliro chodzaza ndi msozi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofooka kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera kumathandizira kuti chitoliro cha wened chizikhala chikutha.
Incrooy 800h Valnge Tili ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.
Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Chingwe chimakhala chokwera, milomo kapena rim, kunja kwa zakunja kapena mkati, zomwe zimathandiza kuwonjezera mphamvu (monga mtengo wamtambo kapena t-bat); Kuti mulumikizidwe mosavuta \ / kusamutsa kwa kulumikizana ndi chinthu china (monga chowala kumapeto kwa chitoliro, scal cylinder, etc., kapena pamunda wa mandala); kapena pokhazikitsa ndikuwongolera mayendedwe a makina kapena mbali zake (monga tambala mkati mwagalimoto kapena gudumu la tram, zomwe zimapangitsa mawilo kuti asamayendetse njanji). Mawu akuti "Flange" imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chida chogwiritsidwa ntchito chopanga ma flanges.

Zotsatira Zazikulu ndi kuphatikiza kwa nickel ku Interseel 718 mtedza. Masiku ano, Aestosce akukhala msika wotsatira wa Inval 718 Hex Bolts chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayikulu mu kutentha okwera komanso kutentha.

FOSTELOLELY X Chikuto chopanda pake N06002 chitoliro chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochulukitsa pa pyrolysis ntchito ndi zida zouma

Chromium yapamwamba, molybdenum ndi nayitrogeni imapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri (zomwe zingachitike) zitsulo zokongoletsera ndi zotupa zosapanga dzimbiri, komanso kutentha kotsika kwambiri kuposa 50¡c.

Mu mafakitale njira momwe makonda ndi mpweya woyenda umayenera kuyezedwa molondola, oriwola kumasewera. Makina 304 ofiira ndi mtundu wa zowoneka bwino zomwe zimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito State A182. A182 304 S304

Nthawi zambiri N08367 imatchedwanso Al6xn Al6xn ndi kaboni yotsika, yoyera kwambiri, nulytel-molybdenum yolimbana ndi crevice.

ASTM A182 kalasi F5 Malawire ndioyenera mapaipi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri komanso popanda kulowerera. ASTM A182 GRA F5 Flange ndi a Astm A182 kutanthauzira. Miyeso ya ma flanges imasiyana malinga ndi mitundu ya ANSI, asme ndi ad miyezo. Kodi kukula kwa flange kumachokera? mainchesi mpaka 36 mainchesi. Navistar chitsulo ndi chotsogolera ndi opanga ma flandas osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Zipangizo: ASME A312 TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP327, TP317, TP327, TP327, TP327, TP327, TP327, TP317, TP327, TP327, TP327, TP317, S3125, S3125, No8926

Ictives 600 yozungulira ndi intoy-valkel-brad-cenel carburrization ndi kukana bwino kuwonongedwa kwakukulu. Zingwe zozungulira 600 zozungulira zimagwira ntchito kuyanika cl2 ndi mipweya ina yambiri yofananira ndi kutentha kwambiri. Alloy 600 bar ndi a chromial-cromiyal-cromiyal-cromiyal-chloride bwino oxidation ndi kukana ku chloride kuwonongeka kwa chloride kugwa, ukhondo wamadzi acid kumatentha.

Asme B36.19M ndiye wofanana ndendende ndi mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimafotokoza kukula kwake, kulolerana, ndi zomwe amapanga maenda owala komanso osaka.

310 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri. Kutentha kukapitilira 800 [1], kumayamba kufewetsa, ndipo kupsinjika kovomerezeka kumayamba kuchepa mosalekeza. Kutentha kwambiri kogwiritsira ntchito ndi 1200 ¡®c. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nickel (ni) ndi chromium (cr), kutsutsana ndi oxidation, ogundana, asidi ndi alkali kukana. Pambuyo pa zomwe zili, mphamvu zimayenda bwino chifukwa cha njira yake yolimbikitsira yolimbikitsa. Mankhwala opanga mankhwala a austetitic osapanga dzimbiri amachokera ku chromium ndi ma nickel okhala ndi zinthu monga Molybdenum, tungsten, Niobium ndi Tiobium wowonjezera. Chifukwa chake, ili ndi mphamvu zazikulu komanso zolimba kutentha kwambiri.

Kulumikiza kwa chowala makamaka ndi vuto la kutaya, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kutayikira kuyenera kuwongoleredwa mkati mwa njira ndi chilengedwe.

825 Nickel Alloy amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, magetsi ogwiritsa ntchito nyukiliya, ma petroleum ndi kutaya zinyalala.

ASTM A240 Mtundu 2205 Plate ndi duwa losapanga dzimbiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, kufufuza kwamafuta ndi mafuta, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi. Mapepala 2205 amapangidwa kuchokera ku kalasi ya SAGIS 2205, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimaphatikizika ndi chitsulo champhamvu.

Pofuna kufafanizira mapaipi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa payipi yolunjika pa mapaipi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma piipelines osiyanasiyana, mapaipi osiyanasiyana ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene mapaipiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chikopa chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kukula kwa mapaipi. Mukamacheza, chipika chanjira zitatu chowonekacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira cholumikizira, kuti chikhazikitse chipani cholumikizirana kapena kukula kwa nthawi yayitali komanso cholumikizira cholumikizira cha mapaipi. , Pakulumikizana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, palinso zolumikizira ndi mapulagini a gawo la chida.