FOSTELOLOY X Nippolet Malanges FOTELOLELOY X SIP

Pazinthu zilizonse monga Astm A105, kugwiritsa ntchito njira monga kuyika zinthuzo kungakhale kovuta, kuwongolera, kapena kupsa mtima kungasinthe kusintha kwa makina a Astm A105.

310 Ndipo 310s zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mibadwo ya mibadwo; Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo amtundu wa gasi, kutenthetsa malasha ndi mapiri opindika. Zomera za uchimo ndi mbewu za simenti zimagwiritsanso ntchito zinthu za pepala lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndikulira, kudyetsa, mabokosi amphepo.

Mapaipi osapanga dzimbiri ndi gawo lachitsulo lomwe limatsutsana kwambiri ndi kutukuka, kuphatikizika kwamphamvu komanso ortuc torroseve acid. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa ndi 18 \ / chitsulo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti wachotsedwa ndi 18% chromium ndi 8% nickel. Nthawi zina, kuchuluka kwa miyala 304l ndi yotsika kuposa 304 iloy.

Komabe, 304l, 304 ndi 304h adawonetsa magwiridwe antchito omwe amakhala m'malo otetezeka. Astme A312 TP304l chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chimodzi mwazithunzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lapansi pazifukwa zambiri. ASTM A312 GR TP304l siili yotsika mtengo kuposa zinthu zina zosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa chokwera mtengo. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhala ndi chromium. 304L ili ndi kutembenuka bwino. Poyerekeza ndi 304 aloy, amakhala ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa mpweya, kulola kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mosalekeza pakati pa 800 ndi 1580 madigiri.

Kusintha koyenera komanso kosinthika kwa ASYM A182 F52 zozungulira zimapangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chozungulira kuti chitsimikiziro chabwino kwambiri.

Kenako kuyenera kukhala gawo la kachitidwe koyendetsa madzi (mafuta, gasi, nthunzi, macheza, ...) mtunda wautali kapena wautali.

Nickel 200 Amalongosola Nickel 200 Malawi amakhala olimba, osasunthika, ndipo amaliza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.

Nthawi zambiri N08367 imatchedwanso Al6xn Al6xn ndi kaboni yotsika, yoyera kwambiri, nulytel-molybdenum yolimbana ndi crevice.

Nickel-Cronmium-Molybdenum-Colunbium Intersel 625 NCF 625 NA 21 SEEL
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zopondaponda m'mafuta ndi mafuta a gasi \ / kupanga ndi kusinthidwa kwa kutentha mu petrochemical \ / mankhwala.
Asuri 310 310s Chitoliro Chosakhazikika

Pazogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, Intersel Alloy 718 yatchulidwa kuti: Yankho lokhala ndi mpweya wabwino (mpweya wabwino)

Kuumitsa, kuumitsa mibadwo, ndi mankhwala otenthetsera kutentha ndizofanana mawu).

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Prososion Fretelloy kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mafakitale a mankhwala. Kufunika koyenera kumabweretsa mwayi wovomerezeka ndi mphamvu zawo, thanzi komanso zachilengedwe, mafuta ndi mpweya, mafakitale a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri & chubu
Makulidwe: Sch5 ~ schxxs
Inter 36 ® ndi chitsulo-chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel, IMPARS 36 ili ndi zochulukirapo pakukula kwa kutentha kwa a Crogenic pafupifupi + 260 ° C).
Carbon steel ofanana Tee astm a234 wpb 6 mkati

Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zili bwino kwambiri za chromium zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polota kusapanga dzimbiri 304 zomwe zimayambitsa oxina yolimbana ndi maxiidi otha kutentha mpaka 176¡f monga nitric acid yolemera, mpaka 55% kulemera.

Nickel-Cerd inforve 718 ndi ulesi wowuma womwe uli ndi chitsulo, molybdenum, niobium, ndi kuchuluka kwa Titanium ndi aluminiyamu. Mankhwala a alloy uyu amapereka mphamvu zambiri komanso kusinthasintha.

Magalasi okhazikika - omwe adayikapo sayansi-nickel-cobalt matobala, Kovar Smows, ali ndi mzere wowonjezera wowonjezera wofanana ndi galasi lolimba mkati mwa kutentha kwina

Chiwonetsero cha nickel ndi chotsimikizika chawiri (800h \ / ht) ndikuphatikiza zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitundu yonseyi. Incluoy 800h \ / ht alloy adapangidwa kuti azitha kutentha kwambiri.

Aloy 800 wedy wedy timakhala ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Timakhala onyadira kuti tidzipatse okha opanga odziwika bwino, ogulitsa kunja ndi othandizira a Alloy Steel F21.

Mpweya wapansi wa kaboni wa kaboni pang'ono ndi chitsulo amachepetsa ma chromium carring kuthamanga kwa madzi owotcherera ndi chiwopsezo cha kuphatikizika kwa chimbudzi. Maphunziro osapanga dzimbiri 304 sakhala mogwirizana ndi boloner kapena maginito ndipo alibe magnetic. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha makasitomala 304 stuget tikupanga lero chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazopangidwa zokhudzana ndi chakudya ndi chakumwa. Ma studi 304 a ASI 304 ndi abwino pakukonzekereratu mkaka, kumapangitsa ndi kuvina ndi yisiti yamagalimoto, mapaipi, mapesi ogulitsa komanso akasinja osungira.

ASTM A240 Mtundu 2205 Plate ndi duwa losapanga dzimbiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, kufufuza kwamafuta ndi mafuta, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi. Mapepala 2205 amapangidwa kuchokera ku kalasi ya SAGIS 2205, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimaphatikizika ndi chitsulo champhamvu.

Chromium yapamwamba, molybdenum ndi nayitrogeni imapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri (zomwe zingachitike) zitsulo zokongoletsera ndi zotupa zosapanga dzimbiri, komanso kutentha kotsika kwambiri kuposa 50¡c.

Nickel Anoy 400 ndi Monl 400, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi N04400 Nictal-Copy-Copy-Copy kukhala makamaka mwa atatu a Nickel ndi chachitatu. Nickel Anoy 400 amadziwika chifukwa chokana kusiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza alkalis (kapena asidi), madzi amchere, ma hydrofluoric acid. Kuyambira monoy 400 kapena Aloy 400 ndi chitsulo chozizira chogwira ntchito, chivomerezichi chimakhala cholimba, kuuma ndi mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito yozizira astm B164 SARD N04400 bar stock, alloy imayang'aniridwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, komwe kumapangitsa kusintha kwa micrestructuctuctution ya Alloy.

Izi zimathandizira kuthana ndi sulufuric acid. Ilinso ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri, kuti apititsenso kukana kwake kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitsinje yolimba ndi mpweya wosungunuka.

Chitoliro chowoneka bwino chimapangidwa kuti chijambulidwe patsamba kumapeto kwake ndikulumikizani mapaipe (s) ndikulola kusintha njira kapena kuthirira kapena kutha.

Asme B36.19M ndiye wofanana ndendende ndi mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimafotokoza kukula kwake, kulolerana, ndi zomwe amapanga maenda owala komanso osaka.

304 Nphwemba zopondapondazikulu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu wamba komanso zodziwika bwino muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri zamakampani zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi oxidation. Nyansiweli iyi ya S30400 imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera ndi njira, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola komanso odalirika.

Din976 304-304l chilengedwe chopanda bande stee304 m16 stud bolts stud sucts M8 304 304-304L SULTS SULTS

Amakhalanso ndi kukana kwabwino kwambiri kuvunda komwe kumaseka ndi kutukuka kotereku ngati kupindika, kusanza ndi Crevice. Mosiyana ndi zitsulo zina za Austetitic, kapena s31803 zitsulo zabwino kwambiri zamatsenga.

Mapepala osapanga dzimbiri 904l amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba mtima. Tsamba losapanga dzimbiri 904l lili ndi 28% nickel zomwe zilipo, 23% chromium zomwe zili, ndi 5% molbdenum zomwe zili.

Imatha kupirira mankhwala osiyanasiyana osakhazikika komanso osasinthasintha, ndikuwonetsa kukana kwakukulu ndikumenya ndi Crevice pamaso pa chlorides ndi ma halides ena.
Zopangidwa payipi
Scottish Gaelic
Chitsulo cha kaboni
Chitsulo
www.htsteelpipe.com
\ / 5 kutengera
ASTM B407 SIMIS N08800 Sylloy 800 Spellise paipe
Zitsulo za alloy ndi ndodo
a bar omwe amatanthauzira malo ake ofunsira
ndizotheka kupangidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe, kukula, ndipo
Ayi .4 Mapepala osungunuka ndi ma coul 1.4462

Asme Sb564 Aloy Grote Ma fronges Monl 400 n04400 Ortior-Copper-Copper 400 Kudziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha kukana kwake kusokoneza Media ndi madzi am'nyanja, Monl 400 nawonso amalimbana ndi maxidives okhalapo kuposa ovomerezeka. Amadziwikanso kuti Aloy 400, Moninger 400 ma flanges amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kutentha kwakukulu, kovuta komanso mchere.

FSTEOLLOY C2000 ikupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amtunduwu, mtundu uwu wa chromium-molybdenum aroyoy amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kukana.

Duptux wosapanga dzimbiri umapereka kukana kwabwino kwambiri ku kututa komanso kulimba kwambiri. Kukaniza kwakukulu kwa duptux kusapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri kumawathandiza kwambiri kuposa zitsulo za kaboni komanso zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, pomwe mphamvu zamakina zimalola kuti zipangidwe zopepuka, zowoneka bwino.

ASTM B446 SANDO N06625 Bar yowala imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba kwa kutentha kuchokera kutentha pang'ono mpaka 2000F. Kuphatikiza pa mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri, issose inot 625 ingh ili ndi chitsimikiziro chachikulu komanso chopanda kanthu kuposa zinthu zina zambiri zokwezeka zamphamvu za Nickel.

FOSTELOLOY C2000 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuphatikizapo mafakitale a petrochemical, makonzedwe a mankhwala opanga mafuta, zophika zamafuta ndi zomera.

Zimawonetsa kukana bwino kusalowerera ndale. Izi za alloy zimapanga mwa khumi ndi chimodzi, filimu yoteteza yomwe siyitalikirapo, koma imasunganso kukana kwa makutina kuposa kutentha.

Sch40 Monol 400 chitoliro chimasankhidwa kukhala nambala ya Werkstoff 2.4360 ndi N04400. Chipika 400 chimadziwikanso kuti Monil Anoy chitoliro cha 400, Monl 400 Pipe & Nickel Chitoliro 400.

Ma coil 625 amadziwika ndi kukana kwake kwabwino kwa oxidation, kutentha kwambiri komanso kutopa. ASTM B443 SANDO N06625 SIVELEILE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu anthospace, mankhwala kutengera ndi mafuta ndi mafakitale chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.

Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono 309 timayesedwa osapanga dzimbiri ndi mayeso ena a chifuwa chachikulu m'deralo ndipo zisanachitike musanalongeko ndi mayendedwe kuti zitsimikizire kuti makasitomala akupitako.

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 304 ndipo 304l amadziwikanso kuti zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 1.4301 ndi 1.307 motsatana. Chitoliro chosapanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndichiwiri chosiyanasiyana komanso chosakhazikika. Amatchulidwabe nthawi zina ndi dzina lake lakale, 18 \ / 8, omwe amachokera ku mtundu wa anthu 184 a Nomium ndi 8% Nickel. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za 304 ndi kalasi yaukadaulo yomwe imatha kupanikizika kwambiri. Khalidwe ili ladzetsa mpaka patapita kalasi yoyamba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapulogalamu monga ma sthing ndi ma pans.

Invalsel 718 ndi alloy-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu apamwamba monga Aweslospace ndi majini agalu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga a Ism B670 Invelve 718 ndiye kuti mbale yogubuduza. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mbale za Intery18 zomwe zilipo pamsika: kuwotcha mbale zowombera.

Mipiringidzo yachitsulo & ndodo
Alloy 800 ndi a nickeum-chromiam almoy mphamvu ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana kwa oxidation ndi kutupa kwambiri. ASTM B407 SINE N08800 infoloy 800 WR. 1.4876 Chitoliro chowala bwino chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga zida zofuna kukana kuchuluka, kukana kutentha, mphamvu, komanso kukhazikika pakuchita nawo ntchito mpaka 1500 ° C).

Duptux Stevel & Mapepala & Coils
Alloy 800 ndi a nickeum-chromiam almoy mphamvu ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana kwa oxidation ndi kutupa kwambiri. ASTM B407 SINE N08800 infoloy 800 WR. 1.4876 Chitoliro chowala bwino chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga zida zofuna kukana kuchuluka, kukana kutentha, mphamvu, komanso kukhazikika pakuchita nawo ntchito mpaka 1500 ° C).

Mapaipi a kusokonekera kosasaka kumakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi katundu wapamwamba kwambiri komanso mphamvu zambiri.

800h, ku (inforoy 800) ndi austetitic kutentha kwa Anthon komwe adapangira kutentha kwamphamvu.

Kuphatikiza kwa mitengo yotsika kwambiri m'madzi kwambiri am'madzi am'madzi ndi nyonga yayikulu kupanga altoy chitoliro cha Pland ndi chinsalu choyenera kwambiri pampu wa ma centerrifugal.
Zopangidwa payipi
Scottish Gaelic
Chitsulo cha kaboni
Chitsulo
www.htsteelpipe.com
\ / 5 kutengera
ASTM B407 SIMIS N08800 Sylloy 800 Spellise paipe
Zitsulo za alloy ndi ndodo
a bar omwe amatanthauzira malo ake ofunsira
ndizotheka kupangidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe, kukula, ndipo
Mabatani osapanga dzimbiri patali kutalika kwakanthawi

Pofuna kufafanizira mapaipi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa payipi yolunjika pa mapaipi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma piipelines osiyanasiyana, mapaipi osiyanasiyana ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene mapaipiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chikopa chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kukula kwa mapaipi. Mukamacheza, chipika chanjira zitatu chowonekacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira cholumikizira, kuti chikhazikitse chipani cholumikizirana kapena kukula kwa nthawi yayitali komanso cholumikizira cholumikizira cha mapaipi. , Pakulumikizana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, palinso zolumikizira ndi mapulagini a gawo la chida.

317l chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chinapangidwa ngati chowongolera cha 316l chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chochuluka nickel ndi molbdenum zomwe zili.
Nickel alloy pipe & chubu
Scottish Gaelic
Chitsulo cha kaboni
Chitsulo
www.htsteelpipe.com
\ / 5 kutengera
C2000 Fritelloy Anoy Cund frotelloy C2000 Chipatuli
Zitsulo za alloy ndi ndodo
a bar omwe amatanthauzira malo ake ofunsira

316l 1.4401 s31603 Chipika chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira yolimba komanso yolimba yofananira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosiyanasiyana za mafakitale ndi malonda. Izi s31603 chitoliro chimapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zapamwamba za 316l osapanga dzimbiri mosapanga dzimbiri mosapanga chipongwe, oxidation ndi chomata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'malo mwazinthu zovuta kapena zovuta.

Ma coil 625 amadziwika ndi kukana kwake kwabwino kwa oxidation, kutentha kwambiri komanso kutopa. ASTM B443 SANDO N06625 SIVELEILE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu anthospace, mankhwala kutengera ndi mafuta ndi mafakitale chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.

Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono 309 timayesedwa osapanga dzimbiri ndi mayeso ena a chifuwa chachikulu m'deralo ndipo zisanachitike musanalongeko ndi mayendedwe kuti zitsimikizire kuti makasitomala akupitako.

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 304 ndipo 304l amadziwikanso kuti zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 1.4301 ndi 1.307 motsatana. Chitoliro chosapanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndichiwiri chosiyanasiyana komanso chosakhazikika. Amatchulidwabe nthawi zina ndi dzina lake lakale, 18 \ / 8, omwe amachokera ku mtundu wa anthu 184 a Nomium ndi 8% Nickel. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za 304 ndi kalasi yaukadaulo yomwe imatha kupanikizika kwambiri. Khalidwe ili ladzetsa mpaka patapita kalasi yoyamba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapulogalamu monga ma sthing ndi ma pans.

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri 310s zimalumikizana, monga magiredi ena a austetitic awa ali ndi zovuta kwambiri, ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa ma crygenic kutentha, ngakhale makilo ena nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachilengedwechi ..

Mukamaliza kupanga, malonda omwe amapangidwa amayang'aniridwa. Zomwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika zongothamangitsa, zigawo zonse zopangidwa zikufufuzidwa kuti zikhale zofooka zomwe zili pansi pa izi.

Mapaipi osapanga dzimbiri pa 304l chitoliro cha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri - Zhengzhou Huitong Pipeline

Nilo Anoy 36, w.NR 1.3912, Inciar 36 ® ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel ndipo ali ndi gawo la kufalikira kwa gawo limodzi la chitsulo cha kaboni pafupifupi.
Zopangidwa payipi
Scottish Gaelic
Chitsulo cha kaboni
Chitsulo
www.htsteelpipe.com
\ / 5 kutengera
ASTM B407 SIMIS N08800 Sylloy 800 Spellise paipe
Zitsulo za alloy ndi ndodo
a bar omwe amatanthauzira malo ake ofunsira
ndizotheka kupangidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe, kukula, ndipo
Zhengzhou Huitong Mapaipel Counc CO., LTD.

Incrooy 800h Valnge Tili ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Izi zojambula za ma flanges zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kupsinjika kusokoneza ntchito zopindika za petrochemical. Kuphatikiza apo, molbdenum okhutira amabweretsa mphamvu yolimba pankhokwe yolimba yomwe imawonetsera zabwino.

A789 S31803 ndi S32205 ndi zitsulo ziwiri zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa a duplex s31803 osakhala opanda chidwi amadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiri kuwonongeka, mphamvu zazikulu, komanso kutopa kwambiri. A789 ndi lingaliro lomwe limakwirira osawoneka bwino komanso machubu opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Chitsito chopanda maziko cha 316 chakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa gawo la mafakitale. Chitsulo ichi ndi chrome chimadziwika kuti ndikukana kwake kuvunda, komanso kukhazikika kwake. 316 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatha kupangidwa muzosaso komanso machubu owuma kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera za kasitomala.
Duplex 2205 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (chachangu komanso austetic) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafunikira kukana bwino kuwonongeka ndi mphamvu. Gulu S31803 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chidasinthidwa kangapo kuti apange S32205, yomwe idazindikiridwa mu 1996.

Iswees osawoneka bwino kwambiri a sing'anga osawoneka N06600 ndi Astm B167 ndi omwe amapangidwa kuti apirire kwambiri ndikubwera ndi chitsimikizo chachikulu.
Nickel alloy pipe & chubu
Scottish Gaelic
Chitsulo cha kaboni
Chitsulo
www.htsteelpipe.com
\ / 5 kutengera
C2000 Fritelloy Anoy Cund frotelloy C2000 Chipatuli
Zitsulo za alloy ndi ndodo
a bar omwe amatanthauzira malo ake ofunsira

N04400 ndi alloy wa cuckele-mkuwa wokhala makamaka ndi gawo lachitatu la nickel ndi lachitatu. Alloy N04400 amadziwika chifukwa chokana kusiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo alkalis (kapena zinthu ngati asidi), brine, hydrofluoric acid, ndi sulufuric acid. Ubwino wina wogwiritsa ntchito alloy ndi ukulu komanso mphamvu yayikulu pakutentha kwakukulu; Itha kutsukidwanso kuti ndikhale maginito ngati mukufuna.