For applications requiring greater resistance to stress rupture and creep, especially at temperatures above 1500¡ãF (816¡ãC), INCOLOY alloys 800H and 800HT are used.
The emphasis of this alloy is placed on the fact that it is more resistant to aggressive forms of corrosion. In particular, Incoloy 800 shows very high resistance to corrosive compounds seen in aqueous environments.
INCOLOY alloy 800 is used in a variety of applications involving exposure to corrosive environments and high temperatures.
The inclusion of chromium in combination with nickel in its chemistry makes it resilient to chemical and environmental corrosion.
The alloy also exhibits resistance to physical deterioration, e.g. – surface pitting and cracking.
Incoloy 800 is a popular choice in the oil and gas industries because it can withstand sour gas and high chloride environments.
The alloy exhibits excellent resistance to seawater and brine, making it well suited to marine applications.
Incoloy 800 may be also used for applications such as wet scrubbing, and the reactive atmospheres of furnaces as well as in industries like nuclear fuel.
Inconel 800, whose chemistry forms over 50% of nickel is known to be more expensive than the former.
Nickel is a costly commodity, which is why its use in an alloy elevates its cost.
Hastelloy Alloy B2 Pipes is known for its excellent chemical resistance, suited to high pressure and high temperature applications.
Alloy 400 also has excellent corrosion resistance in a variety of media including seawater, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid and alkalis. Used in marine engineering, chemical, hydrocarbon processing equipment and heat exchangers.
Alloy 400 is virtually immune to chloride stress corrosion cracking in typical environments. Generally, its corrosion resistance is good in reducing environment, but poor in oxidizing environment.
This alloy is not suitable for highly oxidizing acids such as nitric acid and nitrous acid. It is resistant to sulfuric acid up to 80% and hydrochloric acid solutions up to 20%.
The alloy can be machined at satisfactory speeds with machine tools commonly used in the industry. Generally, cold drawn or cold drawn stress relief materials are recommended for the best machinability and smoothest finish.
The Curie temperature of this alloy lies within the ambient temperature range and is affected by changes in the alloy’s chemical composition. Caution is recommended in applications requiring strong non-magnetic properties.
This nickel alloy has good corrosion resistance, good wear resistance and high strength.
Alloy 400 exhibits corrosion resistance to many reducing media.
Nickel alloys are combinations of nickel and a variety of other metals that make strong, oxidation-resistant products with an average lifespan of 25 to 35 years. Monel 400 is a nickel-copper alloy containing approximately 67% nickel and 23% copper.
This alloy is most commonly used in a range of environments from mildly oxidizing to neutral and moderately reducing conditions. Other areas of application for this material are marine environments and other non-oxidizing chloride solutions.
It has excellent solderability and can withstand very high pressure and weight. The alloy has excellent mechanical properties at sub-zero temperatures, with a melting point of 2370¡ã – 2460¡ã F, and the product can be used at temperatures up to 1000¡ã C.
If hardened Monel 400 is the goal, cold working with a soft tooling material is the only option. By cold working, mechanical stress is used instead of heat to change the shape of the metal.
Alloy 400 is a nickel copper solid solution strengthened alloy. The alloy is characterized by moderate strength, good weldability, good general corrosion resistance and good toughness.
It is suitable for temperatures up to 1000¡ãF (538¡ãC). Alloy 400 has excellent resistance to cavitation and erosion in fast-flowing brackish or seawater.
Under alternating oxidizing and reducing conditions, alloys may suffer from selective oxidation.
The alloy is also resistant to ammonia-containing atmospheres as well as nitrogen and carburizing gases.
Inconel 600 is non-magnetic, has excellent mechanical properties, combines high strength with good workability, and is easy to weld. Alloy 600 exhibits cold forming properties typically associated with chromium-nickel stainless steels.
Alloy 600 is not an age hardening alloy; cold working is the only hardening method available.
Annealing softening begins at approximately 1600¡ãF (871¡ãC) and is fairly complete after 10 to 15 minutes of heating at 1800¡ãF (982¡ãC). Above this temperature, grain growth can be objectionable, although very brief heating at 1900¡ãF will result in complete softening without excessive grain growth. Since the cooling rate has no effect on softening, the material can be water quenched or air cooled.
Alloy 600 is machinable in both hot and annealed conditions. Due to the large amount of heat generated when machining this alloy, high-speed steel, cast non-ferrous or carbide tools should be used.
