304 tees with elbow and flange

Monel 400 is a nickel-copper alloy (about 67% Ni ¨C 23% Cu) that is resistant to sea water and steam at high temperatures as well as to salt and caustic solutions.

The durability of steel is one of the best advantages of the pipeline systems. It is strong and it can withstand the pressures, temperatures, heavy shocks, and vibrations. It also has unique flexibility which provides an easy extension.

The tees are also used for the change of the flow angle and distribution of the flowing matter either into one or more channels. Tees can be divided into two main groups which are the butt welded tees and the socket welded tees. The butt welded tees are utilized to perform a perpendicular distribution of the flow. They make 90¡ã branches with the connection of the pipeline and distribute the coming matter from the mainline.

Inconel is a superalloy made of high concentrations of nickel, chromium and molybdenum. Inconel 625 is highly resistant to corrosive and oxidizing media in a variety of environments. These alloys have excellent ductility and excellent formability. They can be welded easily and are resistant to post-weld carburization or graining.

HastelloyB2 is a nickel-based wrought alloy with excellent resistance to hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures. Therefore, it has strong resistance to stress corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion. It is also resistant to hydrogen chloride, sulfuric acid, acetic acid and phosphoric acid. Hastelloy B-2 is a grade of Hastelloy?, a nickel-molybdenum alloy. There are many different grades of Hastelloy?, including B-2. Hastelloy? grades are optimized for specific applications. molybdenum

316L is very similar to 316 in almost every way.?

904L grade stainless steel is unlike any other steel. Due to its extra amounts of chromium, molybdenum, nickel and copper, 904L steel features superior resistance to corrosion, rust and acids.

Thermal processing equipment in industrial applications, such as baskets, trays, and fixtures. In chemical or petrochemical processing it is used for heat exchangers and piping systems in nitric acid media, especially where resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking is required.

Nickel- and cobalt-based corrosion-, temperature- and wear-resistant alloys, such as Hastelloy B2, are classified as moderate to difficult when machined, but it should be emphasized that these alloys can be produced at satisfactory speeds using conventional production methods processing. During machining, these alloys harden rapidly, generate high heat during cutting, weld to the cutting tool surface, and provide high resistance to metal removal due to their high shear strength.

The higher molybdenum content of Alloy 317L assures superior general and localized corrosion resistance in most media when compared with 304/304L and 316/316L stainless steels.

This nickel steel alloy is readily fabricated and may be welded in either the annealed or precipitation (age) hardened condition.

It has high resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures up to 1050C.

Alloy 400 is low in strength in the annealed condition so, a variety of tempers may be used to increase the strength.

Typical corrosion applications include titanium dioxide production (chloride route), perchlorethylene syntheses, vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), and magnesium chloride.

Alloy 317L is non-magnetic in the annealed condition.

Roller hearths and radiant tubes, in carbon nitriding processes especially.

The strength of this nickel steel alloy is maintained to 1200¡ã F but stays ductile and tough down to temperatures of 400¡ã F. Its melting range is 2400-2460¡ã F.

Moly family has the ability to withstand high temperatures and maintain strength under volatile conditions.

They are used for high temperature service, where resistance to oxidation and carburisation are required. For optimum stress rupture properties, or for pressure vessel service above 815¡ãC, Incoloy 800H or Incoloy 800HT should be used.

The combined parts are heat treated with the aim of reducing the induced inner stresses. The heat treatment procedure is performed according to ASME B31.3 standards. Thereafter, the pipe spools must be painted for protection of the surfaces from any corrosion risk.

Other popular nickel-chromium alloys are age hardened through the addition of aluminum and titanium.

The two most common stainless steel grades are 304 and 316. The main difference is the addition of molybdenum, an alloy that significantly improves corrosion resistance, especially in environments with more salt or chloride exposure.

Hastelloy B3’s distinguishing characteristic is its ability to maintain good ductility while transient exposure to intermediate temperatures.

625 has outstanding resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion and intercrystalline corrosion.

With this advantage, all of the pipeline using industries has a great opportunity to increase their pipeline system efficiency and decrease their need for workforce and time.

Hastelloy C-276 also has excellent resistance to pitting corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and oxidizing atmospheres, as well as excellent resistance to many different chemical environments.

Chromium, molybdenum, nickel and nitrogen all contribute to overall resistance to corrosion by various media

The production process of the pipe spools has several stages. All stages are implemented for particular aims and the array between the stages is voluminous. Therefore, the manufacturing steps can be divided into marking, cutting, fit-up, welding, and painting.

This alloy is resistant to the formation of grain boundary precipitates in the weld heat-affected zone, thus making it suitable for most chemical process applications in an as welded condition.

Little or no attack occurs at room and elevated temperatures in dry gases, such as chlorine or hydrogen chloride. At temperatures up to 550C in these media, this alloy has been shown to be one of the most resistant of the common alloys.