A403 316L pipes with flanges

304 stainless steel does have one weakness: it is susceptible to corrosion from chloride solutions or saline environments such as the coast.

Pipe Spools are fabricated from a number of raw pipes and pipe fittings (e.g. elbows, flanges, tees, etc.) in fabrication shops.

The outstanding and versatile corrosion resistance of INCONEL 625 alloy under a wide range of temperatures and pressures is a primary reason for its wide acceptance in the chemical processing field.

Pipe spool systems are mostly used in power plants and petroleum refineries which requiring intensive piping. These systems include carriage and transport of fluid and gas and these transportation systems need lots of connection parts. In these systems, there is no place for mistakes.

A low corrosion rate in rapidly flowing brackish or seawater combined with excellent resistance to stress-corrosion cracking in most freshwaters, and its resistance to a variety of corrosive conditions led to its wide use in marine applications and other non-oxidizing chloride solutions.

The higher molybdenum content of Alloy 317L assures superior general and localized corrosion resistance in most media when compared with 304/304L and 316/316L stainless steels.

The combined parts are heat treated with the aim of reducing the induced inner stresses. The heat treatment procedure is performed according to ASME B31.3 standards. Thereafter, the pipe spools must be painted for protection of the surfaces from any corrosion risk.

The joint is created by bolting two flanges to each other and sealing them by using various gaskets. Flanges are usually made of aluminum, bronze, brass or carbon steel. The most preferred material for general flange applications is the forged carbon steel. Moreover, flanges can be layered internally with different types of linings. Usually, flange material is selected as the same material with the pipe material. This material selection is conducted in order to prevent possible galvanic corrosion risks. The proper material selection for flanges is decided according to ASTM A-182 standards.

Therefore the selected radius of the elbow can be very important. The other type of elbows is reducing elbows. In this type of elbows, the dimension of the center-line radius equals to the half of the nominal size of the larger end. Reducing elbows, again, maintain a 90¡ã flow change in the pipeline system. Moreover, a 180¡ãflow change can also be maintained by using a specific type of reducing elbow that is called ¡®return bends.

Stainless steel grade 254 SMO? is a very high end austenitic stainless steel.

Hastelloy B2 is a nickel-molybdenum alloy with significant resistance to reducing environments such as hydrogen chloride gas and sulfuric, acetic and phosphoric acids. Hastelloy B2 is resistant to pure sulfuric acid and many non-oxidizing acids. This alloy should not be used in the presence of oxidative contaminants in oxidizing or reducing media. Premature failure may occur if Alloy B2 is used in the presence of iron or copper in systems containing hydrochloric acid.

This nickel alloy is used from cryogenic temperatures up to long term service at 1200¡ã F.

These connections are embedded inside concrete walls before the pouring of concrete. This system must be aligned properly before concrete pouring because it needs to withstand the weight and force of the structure.

The addition of copper to this grade gives it better corrosion resistance than conventional chromium-nickel stainless steels, especially against sulfuric, phosphoric and acetic acids. However, the use of hydrochloric acid is limited.

Hastelloy C-276 is the most common corrosion resistant material currently available, but it is not foolproof. Metals should not be exposed to high temperature, strong acid environment. Also, it is easier to work with cold working practices; hot working makes it easier to harden. If hot working, the temperature should be maintained between 1600¡ãF and 2250¡ãF.

Alloy B-2 has poor corrosion resistance to oxidizing environments, therefore, it is not recommended for use in oxidizing media or in the presence of iron or copper salts, which may cause rapid premature corrosion failure.

Hastelloy B2 is a nickel-molybdenum alloy especially suitable for handling equipment that reduces chemical environments. Such as applications in chemical processing industries involving sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid and acetic acid.

Pipe spools are the pre-build parts of a piping system. Pipes, flanges, and fittings are called pipe spools and they are produced before they are used in the piping system.

However, their fatigue strength is higher than the slip-on flanges. A major problem of the socket weld flanges is the corrosion risk. A gap between the flange and fitting or pipe must be maintained before the welding. Corrosive fluids or humidity can locate in these shelters. Thus, this solid-liquid interface may cause corrosion on the body.

316L also is a great stainless steel for high-temperature, high-corrosion uses, which is why it’s so popular for use in construction and marine projects.

Incoloy Alloy 800 is widely used in equipment that must have high strength and resistance to oxidation, carburisation and other harmful effects of high temperature exposure.

Overcoming the impact of downtime caused by corrosion, stress and extreme temperatures, and the cost impact of failure rates and safety has driven the industry to look for materials like Monel 400, which provide increased reliability in harsh conditions.

304 stainless steel is the most common form of stainless steel in the world due to its excellent corrosion resistance and value. It contains 16% to 24% chromium and up to 35% nickel, as well as small amounts of carbon and manganese.

Monel K500 is a precipitation-hardenable nickel-copper alloy that combines the excellent corrosion resistance characteristic of Monel 400 with the added advantage of greater strength and hardness.

Customized Prefabrication Pipe Spools

Pipe welded with Flanges

Pipe welded with Fittings

Flanges welded with Fittings

HASTELLOY C276 is one of the few alloys resistant to wet chloride gas, hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide solutions.

Inconel 718 has become useful in a wide range of applications ranging from manufacturing operations to military equipment and the aerospace industry.

Thermocouple sheaths. Ethylene dichloride (EDC) cracking tubes.

Incoloy 800/800H/800HT are solid solution nickel chromium iron alloys with small additions of aluminium and titanium to improve corrosion and oxidation resistance.

UNS S31254 is often referred to as a ¡°6% Moly¡± grade due to the molybdenum content.